生命历程视角下的广州市居民居住迁移的时空路径

转型与重构是现阶段中国城市发展的主旋律,在这一背景下,从个体生命历程的视角研究居住迁移的时空规律和影响因素有助于从深层次理解城市空间结构重构的内置机制,同时,对公共服务设施供给和提高居民生活质量等有一定的现实意义。以2007年进行的一次入户调查资料作为基础,研究了广州市居民居住迁移时空路径的生命历程特征。结果显示,广州市居民居住迁移的时空路径呈现出年龄偏好和空间偏好两个基本规律,这两个规律可以用“N”形曲线和“微笑曲线”来表达。“N”形曲线揭示了居住迁移率随年龄变化呈现出先上升后下降最后再上升的规律。微笑曲线则揭示了老人与孩子的居住迁移的方向较为集中而中年人的居住迁移方向较为离散的特点。文章据此从不同生命历程居民居住偏好的角度分析了产生上述居住迁移宏观规律的原因。从而证实了广州市居民居住迁移的时空路径具有若干生命历程的特征,对转型期广州市住房的供给与公共设施和服务的空间配置有着积极的意义。

The space-time paths of residential mobility in Guangzhou from a perspective of life course

Urban China is facing with transformation and reconstruction. In this context, the study on time-space rules of residential mobility from the perspective of individual life course will be conducive to the understanding of urban structure mechanism. At the same time, it is meaningful to supply public service facilities and improve the quality of life. The data of this paper comes from the household survey held in 2007 in Guangzhou. The paper studies the life course characteristics of space-time paths of residential mobility. Two laws are found in the study which can be expressed with the "N-shaped" curve and "smiling curve". The "N-shaped" curve reveals the mobility rate goes up first, then down, and up again with ages changing. The smiling curve reveals that the migration direction of old people and children is relatively concentrated and middle-aged people migration direction is discrete. On this basis, this paper analyzes the reasons of the preference of settlement migration. This study confirmed that space-time path of Guangzhou residential mobility is characterized by life course. The conclusions are drawn based on data from the residents with different ages in Guangzhou, but the characteristics of time-space path of life course are objective and realistic, which have a positive effect on the social housing supply and public facilities and services of the space configuration in Guangzhou.