“美国2050”空间战略规划及启示

“美国2050”空间战略规划是美国第一个综合性的全国国土空间战略规划,由联邦政府提议,旨在研究和构建美国未来40-50年空间发展的基本框架,以应对21世纪面临的各种挑战。在分析“美国2050”空间战略规划制订的背景的基础上,文章从基础设施规划、巨型都市区域规划、发展滞后地区规划、和大型景观保护规划四个方面系统介绍了“美国2050”空间战略规划的核心内容。归纳总结了“美国2050”空间战略规划的特点,探讨了“美国2050”空间战略规划在理念、方法、机制等方面对中国国土空间规划的启示。

“America 2050” strategic spatial planning and its inspiration to China

"America 2050" is a national initiative to develop a framework for America's future growth and development by the year 2050 in face of rapid population growth, demographic change and infra-structure needs in the 21st century.A major focus of America 2050 is the emergence of megaregions-large networks of metropolitan areas being viewed as the new competitive units in the global economy.Eleven megaregions have been identified in the United States.America 2050 has also launched a "Rebuilding and Renewing America" campaign in response to the serious challenges of repairing the nation's deteriorating, inadequate infrastructure systems and building capacity for sustainable population and economic growth in the future.The integrated infrastructure systems including roads,rails, and ports,electricity transmission and the "smart grid," broadband communications,and water infrastructure help America to compete in the global economy and transition their fossil-fuel dependent economy to a low-carbon future.In an effort to develop a balanced and sustainable growth strategy for the United States,America 2050 is exploring new economic development strategies for the nation's underperforming regions which include cities and counties.An index was created to identify underperforming regions and the areas have been defined.In response to increasing activity at the large landscape scale,a new policy focus report named "Large Landscape Conservation:A Strategic Framework for Policy and Action" is published by the Lincoln Institute of Land Policy--an America 2050 partner,in which several barriers and some recommendations were addressed to large landscape conservation.Based on summarizing the contents and characteristics of America 2050,the paper ended with the authors'suggestions to improve Chinese spatial planning,which include to develop scientific zoning standards and enhance the study of key regions classification for national strategic special planning,to think much of regional coordination and emphasize regional cooperation across administrative areas,to pay more attention to the impacts of globalization,informationization and climate change on territory space,and to perfect spatial planning administrative organizations,etc.