章鸿钊在中国地质学史上的贡献及其科学史意义

中国地质学会第一任会长章鸿钊先生早年留学日本攻读地质学期间，萌生了创立中国地质事业和地质调查机构的设想，并将世界发达国家地质科研机构的情况介绍到中国。回国后，章鸿钊先生着手中国地质事业起步的规划和地质调查机构的设计，并在规划实施阶段做出卓越的贡献。按照章鸿钊的思路创建的中国地质调查所是中国现代科学起步阶段的里程碑。章鸿钊先生自幼国学功底深厚，在身体状况限制了野外地质调查的中年和晚年时期，他专注地质与矿产方面的古籍考证和整理，并将考证结果与地质科学知识相结合，撰写了《石雅》、《古矿录》、《三灵解》等一批论著。章鸿钊先生晚年提出了与燕山运动有别的自中生代晚期至始新世后的震旦运动。

The contributions of Zhang Hongzhao (H. T. Chang) in the history of geological sciences and their significance to the history of modern science in China

Zhang Hongzhao (H. T. Chang), the first President of the Geological Society of China, studied his geology in Japan, where he read the introduction of overseas Geological Surveys, and introduced that concept in a geoscience journal in China. Soon after his back in China, he planned the start of geological work and the Geological Survey of China, the early glories of which are of historic importance in the history of geology and history of science in China. He failed to pursue field work in his later years because of his poor health, and thereafter studied the geological and paleontological records in ancient Chinese books. The study resulted in the Story of Stones, Ancient Mineral Deposits in China, the Three Ancient Spiritual Animals and still other books and articles. He named the Cretaceous Sinian Movement which is now adapted to and replaced by Yanshanian Movement. Some newly discovered historic facts are released here in the article.