澳大利亚铀矿的成矿区划、矿床类型及找矿前景

澳大利亚蕴藏了丰富的铀矿资源，目前铀矿储量位居世界第二。在大地构造上，澳大利亚可划分为中西部前寒武纪克拉通和东部显生宙造山带。在区域地质构造背景和成矿条件研究的基础上，总结了铀矿在北澳、南澳、西澳、中澳和东澳五大成矿区带中的分布情况，勾勒了北澳的派恩克里克、南澳的奥林匹克坝、西澳的伊利列等15个矿集区中的34个类型迥异的矿区的总体地质环境与矿床特征。根据成矿地质作用、成因类型、矿物特征等因素，结合该国铀矿床的具体情况，归纳出8种典型的矿床类型。选取代表性铀矿进行地质环境、矿床地质的分析与总结，认为澳大利亚铀矿的成矿地质条件优越，矿床类型丰富，资源潜力巨大，并指出这些类型可作为今后找铀的靶向类型。

Metallogenic regionalization,deposit types and ore-search prospect for uranium deposits in Australia

Australia possesses rich uranium resources, and its present uranium reserves occupy the second place in the world. Tectonically, Australia can be divided into the middle-western Precambrian craton and the eastern Phanerozoic orogenic belt. Based on the study of regional geological settings and metallogenic conditions of Australia, this paper summarizes the distribution of uranium deposits in five metallogenic belts, i.e., Northern Territory, South Australia, Western Australia, Middle Australia and Eastern Australia, and delineates the general geological environments and characteristics of 34 ore fields with considerably different ore types which are located in 15 ore concentration areas such as Pine Creek of Northern Territory, Olympic Dam of South Australia and Yeelirrie of Western Australia. According to the metallogenic geological processes, genetic types of deposits and mineralogical characteristics of uranium deposits in Australia, the authors recognized eight typical types of deposits and, from them, selected Olympic Dame breccia complex type uranium-copper-gold deposit, Ranger unconformity surface type uranium deposit, Beverley sandstone illuvial type uranium deposit, Yeelirrie calcrete type uranium deposit and Maureen stratabound type uranium deposit to analyze and summarize geological settings and characteristics of the deposits. The authors consider that Australia has favorable uranium metallogenic geological conditions, abundant types of deposits and huge uranium resources potentials, and point out that the above-mentioned types of deposits may be regarded as targeted types in the future uranium exploration.