地球系统科学数据共享标准规范体系研究与应用

地球系统科学是地球科学发展的一个新的历史阶段，其以地球系统及其整体行为作为研究对象，迫切需要大量多学科、多来源、多类型、综合性地学数据资源的支撑。针对这一需求，我国国家科技基础条件平台设立了“地球系统科学数据共享网”这一支撑条件。为了构建该支撑条件的标准规范环境，本文分析了地球系统科学数据的特征，剖析了“研究型”数据对标准规范的需求，指出了其面临的3个关键问题。研究了地球系统科学数据共享的概念模式，根据定义的4条基本原则，分析了地球系统科学数据共享标准规范体系的定位，构建其体系结构。该体系结构包括4个大类，即机制条例类、数据管理类、平台开发类、数据服务类，具体包括18项条例、办法、规范和技术标准。其中，地球系统科学数据共享联盟章程、核心元数据标准、数据质量管理办法、数据分类标准是该体系中的引领性、核心标准规范。经过近6年的研究和应用，目前该标准规范体系已经在地球系统科学数据共享网的总中心和13个分中心试用，取得了良好的运行服务效果。未来，地球系统科学数据共享标准规范将“向下”、“向上”两个方向继续发展。

Study on Scientific Data Sharing Standards and Specifications System for Earth System Science and its Application

Earth System Science (ESS) has developed into a new historic stage. Because it takes the whole earth system and its interactive actions among spheres, its development needs lots of multi-disciplinary, multi-sources, multi-type, integrated geosciences data resources. According to this requirement, Data Sharing Network of Earth System Science (DSNESS) was established at the beginning of China Scientific Data Sharing Program (SDSP) launched in 2003. It has been one of the long-term data sharing platforms in National Science &; Technology Infrastructure (NSTI) since 2005. Data sharing in DSNESS needs standards and specifications environment. Based on the ESS data characteristics’ analysis, 3 main problems needed to be studied at present, i.e., how to establish the ESS data sharing mechanism? How to integrate and share multi-disciplinary data? How to make data easily find and access for use? Basic data sharing concept models are studied firstly for these questions. According to four principles designed, ESS data sharing standards and specifications system and its relationship among related international and domestic standards systems are studied. Designed standards and specifications system includes four main classes, i.e., mechanism and rules class, data management standards and specification class, platform development specification class and data service specification class. A total of 18 standards, rules and specifications have been drawn up. Faced to the problems mentioned above, there are four key standards and specifications in the architecture, i.e., ESS data sharing union constitution, core metadata standard, data quality control measurement specification and data classification system. Through almost 6 years research and application, nowadays all of these 18 standards and specifications have been used successfully in the distributed data sharing network of ESS which include one general center and 13 sub-centers. In the near future, standards and specification environment of DSNESS will be further developed towards two directions, one is basic concept reference model, and the other is data fusion and assimilation standards and specifications.