我国新能源发展障碍与应对: 全球现状评述

以化石能源为主的能源消费模式已经难以满足可持续发展的要求, 改善能源消费结构、减少对化石能源的依赖势在必行。在此背景下, 发展环境友好、地域分布相对均衡且潜力无限的新能源成为各国共识。新能源包括太阳能、风能、生物质能、地热能、海洋能、氢能、天然气水合物、核能、核聚变能等共9种类型。由于种类繁多、资源禀赋和物化特征差异悬殊, 开发利用新能源需要面对比化石能源复杂得多的规划、管理和技术问题。如果措施不当, 不但会造成经济损失, 而且可能会威胁到人类安全。在全面深入了解全球新能源发展现状的基础上, 认真总结各国经验教训, 制定合理的发展战略, 是开发利用新能源的先行性工作, 具有重要意义。本文对国内外新能源资源情况、技术水平、总体发展现状进行分析, 并对我国新能源发展过程中的制约因素进行深入剖析, 结合我国国情提出新能源发展的对策建议。

Development Obstacles of New Energies in China and Countermeasures: A Review on Global Current Situation

It is difficult for the current energy consumption pattern dominated by fossil energy to meet the demand of sustainable development. So it is imperative to optimize energy consumption structure and to cut down the dependence on fossil energy. Under this background, development of new energies with friendly environment, comparatively balanced distribution and infinite potential has become common understanding in various countries. New energies include totally nine types: solar energy, wind energy, biomass energy, geothermal energy, ocean energy, hydrogen energy, gas hydrate, nuclear energy and fusion energy. In exploiting and using new energies, many problems have to be tackled in planning, management and technology, and these problems are more complicated than problems existent in fossil energy. This is because of the abundant sorts of new energies and their great differences in the aspects of resource endowment and physical-chemical characteristics. Improper development measures would not only cause economic loss but also possibly endanger human security. On the basis of overall and deep understanding of global new energy development, the earnest summarization of experience and lessons of other countries and the formulation of the development strategy constitute the antecedence work with important significance in developing and utilizing new energies. Based on a review of the resource potential, technological level and general development situation and a thorough analysis of obstacles in the new energy development process in China, this paper puts forward new energy development policies in accordance with the reality of China.