国外乡村空间研究的进展与启示

任何空间都是社会的产物。在工业化、城镇化、信息化和政策的驱动下,中国乡村空间正在发生剧烈重构。乡村空间研究作为国外乡村地理学研究的核心内容之一,具有多学科、多视角、多维度、多方法的特点,形成了一个丰富的研究图景。为了更全面地把握国外乡村空间研究的进展,论文对国外近40 a的乡村空间研究文献进行了梳理。研究发现,国外学者从物质、想象和实践等层面诠释了乡村空间的内涵,并通过建立“乡村空间的三重模型”,强调了日常生活实践的重要性,引入了生活空间,构建了较为系统的乡村空间研究架构。在理论视角上,国外乡村空间研究经历了功能主义、政治经济学和社会建构主义3个阶段;在时间的演进上,实现了由生产主义空间研究到后生产主义空间研究的转换;在空间维度上,实现了聚落空间、经济空间、社会空间和文化空间的多重叠加。国外乡村空间研究实现了从物质层面到社会表征、从客体性空间到主体性空间、从静态单维空间到动态多维空间的转变,启示我们对乡村空间进行跨学科研究以及“社会-文化”研究的重要性。中国乡村空间建设要重视农民的主体性地位、强调乡村空间的多功能性、尊重乡村空间的“地域性”和“差异性”、恢复乡村空间的意义生产功能。

Progress and implications of international rural space research

Space is a product of society. Driven by industrialization, urbanization, informationization, and government policies, China's rural space is going through drastic reconstructions. As one of the core contents of international rural geography research, rural space studies are multi-disciplinary, multi-perspective, multi-dimensional, and multi-methods, forming a rich research field. In order to grasp the progress of rural space research more comprehensively, this study reviewed international rural space research literature in recent 40 years. The study found that international researchers described the connotation of rural space from the perspectives of material, imagination, and practice. The three-fold architecture was established to emphasize the practice of everyday life. It introduced living space to build the systematic research framework of rural space. With regard to the theoretical perspective, international research of rural space has gone through functionalism, political economy, and social constructivism; it transformed from productivism to post productivism; the research included settlement space, economic space, social space, and cultural space. As a whole, international research of rural space realized the change from material level to social representation, from object space to subject space, and from static one-dimensional space to dynamic multi-dimensional space, which revealed the importance of interdisciplinary and sociocultural approaches in rural space studies. The construction of rural space in China needs to pay attention to the subject status of farmers and multifunction of rural space, respect the role of locality and difference of various places, and recover the function of production of meaning of rural space.