新时期乡村振兴战略与农村宅基地制度改革

乡村振兴战略是新时代破解“三农”问题、实现乡村现代化的重大举措,其基本路径方向是坚持乡村分化差异性原则下实现城乡融合发展,基本驱动力是城乡一体化的制度体系创建和农村土地制度改革。理论上,乡村振兴是城乡人口自由流动与择业、乡村资源与空间高效利用、村镇居业空间格局优化、社会企业资本持续投入的动态过程;宅基地制度改革能够有效促进人口、土地、产业、资金等城乡要素的快速流动与整合重组,可成为乡村振兴的有力抓手。宅基地制度改革应实现四大目标,即保障农民居住权、管控宅基地规模、赋予农民财产权益、放活宅基地使用权,当前的试点探索仍显不足。因此,乡村振兴导向下的宅基地制度改革需要在使用权自由流转、宅基地用途转换、资格权空间置换、资格认定与有偿使用有效衔接等方面实现更大突破,有力助推城乡融合发展。

China’s rural revitalization strategy and rural homestead system reform in the new period

The rural revitalization strategy has been an important decision deployment to solve the issues concerning agriculture, rural areas and farmers in the new era. This paper puts forward the following points. (1) The basic path direction of rural revitalization strategy is to realize integrated development of urban and rural areas under rural differentiation principle; the main driving force is building urban-rural integration institutional system and reforming rural land system. (2) Rural revitalization is a dynamic process with flowing and choosing profession freely for urban-rural residents, utilizing efficiently rural resources and space, optimizing the pattern of town’s residential and industrial spaces, and investing continuously social and enterprise capital. While rural homestead system reform can promote the essential factors such as labor, land, industries and capital to flow and integrate quickly. So it can be the main grip for rural revitalization strategy. (3) Rural homestead system reform must achieve four goals, which are guaranteeing the residence right of peasants, controlling scale of rural homestead, endowing the property rights for peasants, and enlivening the usage rights of homestead. However, the pilot reform still has some argument points on the general approach that restrict the reform process. (4) Under the guidance of rural revitalization, rural homestead system reform should make greater breakthroughs on free flow of usage rights, use conversion of rural homestead, space replacement of homestead qualification right, and effective cohesion for qualification identifying and compensated use.