东北三省资源型收缩城市经济效率与生计脆弱性的时空分异与协调演化特征

资源型收缩城市“精明”与“健康”发展是形成节约型空间格局及可持续发展的重要战略目标。认识生计脆弱性与经济效率的有机关联是破解资源型收缩城市“空间失控”、建立“以人为本”精明城市发展的重要支点。通过对资源型城市与收缩城市的界定,筛选东北三省17个地级市为研究对象,建立资源型收缩城市经济效率与生计脆弱性综合评价指标体系,利用Super-SBM模型和函数模型法分别对东北三省资源型收缩城市的经济效率与生计脆弱性进行评价,并通过SPSS软件对2个系统间的发展规律进行相关性分析,选取2006年、2009年、2012年和2015年4个评估时点,引入协调模型对两者间的协调性进行时空分析。结果表明:① 东北三省资源型收缩城市经济效率低主要是由于投入大、产出小;② 城市生计整体呈现出脆弱性,其中公民教育程度是导致生计呈现脆弱性的关键因素;③ 城市经济效率与生计脆弱性间存在显著的相关关系;④ 研究期内城市经济效率与生计抗脆弱能力的协调性是由失调阶段到协调阶段的过渡,整体上呈现东部、北部地区集聚上升发展,西部、南部地区发展水平有待提高,空间分布相对分散,区域差异较大。

Spatial-temporal Pattern of Economic Efficiency and Livelihood Vulnerability of Resource-based Shrinking Cities and Their Coordinated Evolution Characteristics in the Three Provinces of Northeast China

By defining resource-based cities and shrinking cities, this paper selects 17 cities in the three provinces of Northeast China as research objects, establishes a comprehensive evaluation index system of urban economic efficiency and livelihood vulnerability, and evaluates the economic efficiency and livelihood vulnerability of resource-based shrinking cities in the three provinces of Northeast China by using Super-SBM model and function model respectively. SPSS software is used to analyze the correlation between the two systems. Four evaluation time points, 2006, 2009, 2012 and 2015, are selected to analyze the coupling and coordination between the two systems. The results show that: 1) the economic efficiency loss of resource-based shrinking cities in the three provinces of Northeast China is mainly due to large input and small output; 2) urban livelihoods as a whole show vulnerability, in which the degree of civic education is a key factor leading to the vulnerability of livelihoods; 3) there is a significant correlation between urban economic efficiency and livelihood vulnerability; 4) the economic efficiency and the anti-vulnerability ability of the resource-based contraction cities in the three provinces of Northeast China are the transition from the imbalance stage to the coordination stage, and the agglomeration and development of the eastern and northern regions are presented as a whole. The development level of the western and southern regions needs to be improved, the spatial distribution is relatively dispersed, and the regional differences are large.