乡村土地利用结构效率时空特征及影响因素

探讨乡村土地利用结构效率地区差异对于引导乡村土地高效利用具有重要的现实意义,同时在乡村振兴战略背景下,科学合理评估乡村土地时空配置情况,可以为实现乡村可持续发展提供国土资源保障。论文以2009—2016年中国大陆31个省市为研究对象,采用Super-SBM模型和地理探测器对乡村土地利用结构效率时空分异与影响因素进行分析。结果表明：① 2009—2016年中国乡村土地利用结构效率整体处于中等水平,且呈现逐年上升态势;② 全国乡村土地利用投入产出效率的空间差异显著,中国乡村土地利用投入产出效率表现为东高西低、北高南低的分布态势;③ 各因素对中国乡村土地利用结构效率的影响力存在时间上的波动性和空间上的异质性,乡村条件的影响力显著高于城乡关系作用;④ 中国乡村土地利用过程中各类型用地均表现为投入冗余,各地区之间可节约用地比例差异明显,需要依据地区发展实际情况进行结构优化。

Temporal and spatial characteristics and influencing factors of structural efficiency of rural land use

It is of great practical significance to explore the regional differences in the structure efficiency of rural land use to guide the efficient use of rural land. At the same time, under the background of the strategy of rural revitalization, scientific and rational evaluation of the spatial and temporal allocation of rural land can provide land resources guarantee for the sustainable development of rural areas. Taking 31 provinces and cities in the mainland of China as the research object from 2009 to 2016, the spatial and temporal differentiation and influencing factors of rural land use structure efficiency were discussed by using Super-SBM model and geographical detector. The results show that: 1) The overall efficiency of China's rural land use structure in 2009-2016 was in the middle level and showed an upward trend year by year. 2) There was a significant spatial difference in the efficiency of input and output of rural land use in China. The input and output efficiency of rural land use in China showed a distribution pattern of high to low from the east to west, and the efficiency in the north area is higher than that in south area. 3) The influence of various factors on the structural efficiency of rural land use in China has temporal volatility and spatial heterogeneity. The influence of rural conditions was significantly higher than that of urban-rural relationship. And the impacts of regional economy and industrial structure on the structural efficiency of rural land use have been significantly improved. 4) In the process of rural land use in China, all types of land use are shown as input redundancy, and the proportion of economically available land among regions is obviously different, the eastern area needs to adjust ecological space such as garden land and forest land, the middle and western regions need to consider the whole land use structure optimization, while northeast area needs to focus on the intensive and efficient use of village land.