海南省新型城镇化发展模式及驱动力分析——以琼海市为例

在中国社会经济转型过程中,快速的城镇化导致城镇人口剧增、基础服务设施滞后、城乡差距拉大等系列问题,新型城镇化战略为解决这些问题提供新的思路和方向,为建设可持续城市和城乡一体化发展提供美好蓝图。以城镇化和城乡统筹发展等理论为指导,分析了海南省琼海市城镇化建设过程及成效,并以潭门镇、博鳌镇和龙寿洋国家农业公园为案例,提炼出3种不同类型区域的新型城镇化发展模式,并分析其特征及驱动力,为海南省其他类似地区新型城镇化建设提供借鉴。

Development Model and Driving Forces of New Urbanization in Hainan Province: Qionghai City as a Case

In the process of social and economic transformation in China, the rapid urbanization brought about series of such socio-economic problems as increasing urban population, lag of infrastructure services and deterioration of urban environment. The New Urbanization Strategy provides new train of thought and direction for solving these problems, and also provides a good blueprint for constructing the sustainable city and integrated development of urban and rural areas. Qionghai City, as one of the most important regional central city in the east coast of the Hainan Province. In order to build the international tourism core of the east Hainan Province, the local government of Qionghai City implemented the urbanization development strategy of 'Building a pastoral city and structuring a happiness Qionghai', and emphasized the targets of building particular small towns, constructing agricultural pars and realizing the equalization of public service facility. It sought after a new way of 'in-situ urbanization' of 'no cutting down trees, no occupying fields and no tearing down houses', which has become the typical model of the new urbanization in China. Therefore, this article, under the guidance of the theories of urbanization and urban-rural overall coordination development, analyzed the achievement of new urbanization construction of Qionghai City, and discussed 3 types of development models of new urbanization taking Tanmen town, Boao town and Longshouyang national agricultural park for examples. Moreover, we also analyzed the driving forces of the new urbanization of Qionghai city, aiming at providing reference for the new urbanization construction of Qionghai city and other regions in Hainan province. The findings are as following. Firstly, according to character of the intrinsic terrain, agricultural and ecological resources and cultures, the construction of new urbanization of Qionghai city integrated the rural scenery, folk customs, particular industries and farming culture to build the small style towns with historical memory, regional styles and ethnic characteristics. It formatted a multi-centers and group-style garden city landscape of 'one town one feature, one town one industry, and one town one style'. Secondly, based on the oceanic fishing culture, Tanmen town has built a harbor fishing town with the unique features of garden countryside, fishing village of the South China Sea and particular industry village through the construction of infrastructure and beautiful countryside. Boao town has developed an exhibition tourism town with exhibition of economy and coastal water tourism as the core and local culture as the soul relying on the Boao Forum for Asia, Danjia culture and Yudaitan tourism landscape. And the Longshouyang national agricultural park has constructed a tourism area of modern agriculture and advance demonstration area of rural urbanization integrating such functions as rural sightseeing, tourist attraction and urban leisure relying on its original rural landscape, rural landscape and agricultural ecology. Finally, the pill of industrial transformation, guidance of government policy, impulsion of infrastructure construction, attraction of special culture and propulsion of reverse thinking are the dominate driving forces on the new urbanization of Qionghai city.