南京城市户籍贫困人口的时空分异格局

以城市居民最低生活保障统计数据为基础,运用ESDA的方法,探讨2000—2017年南京城市户籍贫困人口的时空分异格局,并从居住空间分异的视角出发,归纳总结出南京城市户籍贫困空间格局的演化过程与机制。研究表明：① 贫困人口的空间分布沿袭了2000年“大分散,小集中”的特点,且分布状态进一步趋于分散,空间集聚则呈现出“核心-边缘”结构,“核心”即热点区域基本都位于绕城公路以内;② 未成年、无业、有就业能力（尚未正式就业）和刑释解教的贫困群体,尤其是刑释解教且无业的贫困群体,是当下城市贫困空间治理重点关注对象;③ 相比于2000年,目前南京城市户籍人口的贫困地域产生了明显分异,可划分为隐蔽型、安置型和复合型三种类型贫困人口聚居区;④ 在政府职能、市场机制和社会行为的交织作用下,南京城市户籍贫困空间重构的同时,也经历了从显性到隐性的转向。

Research on spatio-temporal pattern of the urban registered poor: A case study of Nanjing

Urbanization has exprienced rapid development in China since 2000. In the course of time, urban social space has been changed and reconstructed, which means that the urban poor is demonstrating a new spatial pattern. At present, significant portions of domestic urban poverty space studies mainly remain in the period of 2000 or so. Based on the MLSPU (Minimum Living Standard Programme for Urban residents) recipient data, this paper explores spatio-temporal pattern of urban registered poor of Nanjing in the new period by the method of ESDA (Exploratory Spatial Data Analysis). On this basis of previous related studies, this paper summarizes spatial evolutionary process and mechanism of urban registered poverty of Nanjing in the perspective of residential differentiation. The results are obtained as follows. (1) Spatial distribution of the urban registered poor has followed the pattern of dispersion globally and concentration locally of 2000, which tends to be further dispersive. Spatial agglomeration of the urban registered poor presented a core-periphery structure while the core namely hotspot region was located within Nanjing belt highway. (2) In the context of high-speed growth of national economy, both urban poor population composition and urban poverty space governance have witnessed a transformation process. The underage, unemployed, employable (not yet formally employed) and released poverty groups, especially the unemployed as well as released poverty group, are the focus of urban poverty space governance at present. (3) Compared with the year 2000, urban registered poverty-stricken area of Nanjing has obvious differentiation in the new period, which can be divided into three types: concealed, resettled and mixed. It is the consequence of urban expansion and reconstruction. (4) Under the interaction of government functions, market mechanism and social behavior, urban registered poverty space of Nanjing has emerged at the turning point form visible to invisible while it has been reconstructed. On the hand, the original dilapidated shanty towns or old neighborhoods have been renovated to a certain extent, and hidden between modern city landscapes. On the other hand, urban poor almost have migrated to security housing, where the living condition is quite different from that of commodity housing.