飞机下投探空在台风探测中的应用

在海洋探测方面,利用飞机进行下投探空拥有巨大的潜力去弥补全球高空探测网的空白。台风形成后,飞机飞入台风中心或绕台风飞行,下投配有全球卫星定位(GPS)装置的"探空仪",探空仪上安装有温度、气压、湿度传感器,通过GPS定位测风,对台风实施立体观测。多年来,飞机下投探空能够充分掌握台风的整体气象要素分布结构,从而提高对台风强度和移动路径等预报的准确性,飞机下投探空在国际上已经从科学试验转变成业务应用,并且形成新型的探测技术——目标观测。本文主要总结了国际上利用飞机搭载下投式探空仪进行台风探测的发展历程,为我国开展下投探空,特别是台风监测提供可借鉴的经验。

Application of Dropsondes in Typhoon Observation

In terms of marine observation, aircraft observation has a huge potential to fill the blank of upper air sounding. One of important methods to observe typhoons is to use dropsondes. The UAV (Unmanned Aerial Vehicle) can fly around a typhoon and can directly fly into the eye of a typhoon to observe its major meteorological elements in real time. Combining with GPS dropsondes, which are equipped with temperature, humidity, and pressure sensors and wind measurement equipment by GPS, it can make three dimensional observation in the eye of a typhoon. For the past years, dropsondes can grasp the whole structure and real time dynamic information of typhoons, which do help to improve the accuracy of intensity and track prediction of typhoons. Aircraft dropsondes have changed from scientific experiments into operational application, leading to a new observation technology, target observation. The examples and technologies of international experiments using aircrafts with dropsondes to observe typhoons are summarized, which may offer some valuable references in experiences and modern technologies for typhoon experiments in China.