中国北方农牧交错带东南部环境考古研究

详细分析了中国北方农牧交错带东南部的西辽河流域及达来诺尔湖区新石器时代以来区域考古文化特征的变化及其与自然环境演变的关系，指出自新石器时代以来，区域考古文化特征有三次明显的“跃变”，即300aBP由农业文化跃变为游牧文化或半农半牧文化；1100aBP前由牧业文化跃变为农业文化以及750aBP由农业文化跃变为牧业文化。论证了三次考古文化特征跃变的原因主要是气候变化。区域考古文化特征的变化也与达来诺尔及大水诺尔湖面升降所反映的水热变化相吻合。

ARCHEOLOGICAL STUDIES ON ENVIRONMENT IN ECOTONE OF AGRICULTURE AND ANIMAL HUSBANDRY IN NORTH CHINA

This paper analyzes the change of the archeological cultural features, the environmental evolution, and their relations in the Xiliao River Watershed and in the riparian area of Dalainor I-ake since the Neolithic Age. The results show that the regional features of the archeological culture experienced three abrupt changes since the Neolithic Age, i. e., the change from the agricultural culture to the nomadic or the semi-agricultural with semi- nomadic culture in 3 000 a BP, the change from the animal husbandry culture to the agricultural culture in 1 100 a BP, and the change from the agricultural culture to the animal husbandry culture in 750 a BP. It is considered that these changes were closely related to the climatic changse and the environmental evolution, and can be revealed by differences of the properties and functions of the historical remains in the soil layers. The climatic changes and the environmental evolution were clearly recorded by the two layers of the black paleosol developed during the period of 8 000-3 000 a BP and around 1 000 a BP and by the sand deposits between the two paleosol layers and overlying on the latter paleosol respectively. These accorded with the raising and falling of the water level of Dalainor and Dashuinor lakes. The facts prove incontrovertibly that human's living and the civilization development are closely interdependent with environment. The study on the paleaonvironment helps us to get the regular knowledge of human's fragmentary remains in the strata, and the human's remains provide us the powerful evidences and the important contents for the study on the paleoenvironment.