Topmodel模型在黑河干流出山径流模拟中的应用

概念性模型应用广泛,它由集总模式逐步发展为分布参数模式。文中介绍了一个基于土壤含水量和地形指数的概念性分布参数模型——Topmodel。该模型以小时为步长,对DEM分辨率的要求为50 m×50 m。为将模型应用到我国内陆河山区中大型流域,将模型的DEM分辨率拓宽到1 500 m×1 500 m,模拟过程也分别以日和月为步长。日径流模拟结果表明,在DEM分辨率较粗的情况下,模型有一个较长时间的土壤含水量调整期,之后模拟效果较好,尤其是枯水径流。月模型模拟效果较好,但模拟效果总体还是受DEM分辨率较粗的影响。

Application of Topmodel to Simulate Runoff from Heihe Mainstream Mountainous Basin

Topmodel,a conceptual model with distributed parameters,is used worldwide while rarely in China.The model requires that the basin DEM resolution is less than 50 m×50 m,and the model time step is several hours.Thus,the Topmodel has been only used in little basins.In order to use Topmodel to simulate the runoff from mountainous basin of Heihe mainstream which has a drainage area of 10 009 km²,the authors decrease the DEM resolution to 1 500 m×1 500 m.The time step is also increased to day and month respectively.The daily model results are not too bad,especially for runoff in autumn and winter.The monthly model results are relatively well.The main reasons for that the simulating results are not very well are the rough DEM resolution and the too big catchment area.The simulated results indict that the model should be used widely in China,and the model capacity should be extrapolated.