The Relationship Between some Large-scale Atmospheric Parameters and Rainfall over Southeast Asia: A Comparison with Features over India |
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Authors: | R H Kripalani A Kulkarni |
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Institution: | (1) Indian Institute of Tropical Meteorology, Pune, India, IN |
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Abstract: | Summary Monthly rainfall data for 135 stations for periods varying from 25 to 125 years are utilised to investigate the rainfall
climatology over the southeast Asian monsoon regime. Monthly rainfall patterns for the regions north of equator show that
maximum rainfall along the west coasts occurs during the summer monsoon period, while the maximum along the east coasts is
observed during the northeast monsoon period. Over the Indonesian region (south of the equator) maximum rainfall is observed
west of 125 °E during northern winter and east of 125 °E during northern summer.
The spatial relationships of the seasonal rainfall (June to September) with the large scale parameters – the Subtropical Ridge
(STR) position over the Indian and the west Pacific regions, the Darwin Pressure Tendency (DPT) and the Northern Hemisphere
Surface Temperature (NHST) – reveal that within the Asian monsoon regime, not only are there any regions which are in-phase
with Indian monsoon rainfall, but there are also regions which are out-of-phase. The spatial patterns of correlation coefficients
with all the parameters are similar, with in-phase relationships occurring over the Indian region, some inland regions of
Thailand, central parts of Brunei and the Indonesian region lying between 120° to 140 °E. However, northwest Philippines and
some southern parts of Kampuchea and Vietnam show an out-of-phase relationship. Even the first Empirical Orthogonal Function
of seasonal rainfall shows similar spatial configuration, suggesting that the spatial correlation patterns depict the most
dominant mode of interannual rainfall variability. The influence of STR and DPT (NHST) penetrates (does not penetrate) upto
the equatorial regions. Possible dynamic causes leading to the observed correlation structure are also discussed.
Received October 10, 1996 Revised February 25, 1997 |
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