卫星遥感火点监测应用和研究进展

卫星遥感在自然灾害管理和应对中发挥了越来越多的作用。火点遥感在火灾频发的时候也被寄予厚望。梳理了火山、环境、气候、火灾等方面对火点遥感的需求,中国火灾监测的行业用户对时空分辨率需求迫切程度不同;概述了用于火点遥感监测的卫星数据源特点,光谱维度上以热红外敏感波段最重要,卫星轨道特点也是影响火点遥感监测能力重要因素;在分析火点遥感物理原理和方法的基础上,综述了当前火点遥感方法的研究进展及优缺点。按照火灾发生的灾前、灾中、灾后3个阶段,分别讨论了当前火点遥感提供信息支撑的能力。火点遥感用于发现火灾仍需要与地面监测等手段联合使用。

Application and research progress of fire monitoring using satellite remote sensing

Satellite remote sensing plays an important role in natural disaster management and response. Fire remote sensing is highly needed with the frequent occurrence of fire disasters. In this study, the demands of fire monitoring from volcanoes, environment, climate, and fire disasters were analyzed, and the needs of industrial users of fire monitoring in China were investigated under different temporal and spatial resolutions. This study aimed to introduce the principles, methods, and applications of fire remote sensing for providing insights into its effective use for remote sensing users and researchers.This study analyzed the application fields and the needs of different users. Satellite data sources were listed on the basis of sensor spectral characteristics and satellite orbit styles. Physical principles and retrieval methods were classified and introduced followed by their developments. The effects and abilities of fire remote sensing were investigated on the basis of the 2019 spring fire disasters in China.The satellite data sources used for fire remote sensing monitoring were summarized, and their characteristics were analyzed. Thermal infrared bands, which are sensitive, are important spectral bands. Satellite orbit is an essential factor that affects fire remote sensing ability. The research progress, advantages, and disadvantages of current fire remote sensing methods were reviewed through the analysis of the physical principles and methods of fire remote sensing. The information supporting ability of fire remote sensing was discussed on the basis of three stages, namely, before, during, and after the fire disaster. Fire remote sensing should be combined with ground-based and other methods to detect the occurrence of a fire disaster.An increasing number of satellites have been launched in the past few years, and fire remote sensing technology has accelerated with many functions and good accuracy. Fire remote sensing contributes in different steps of a fire disaster but cannot detect its occurrence. A national platform of fire remote sensing with multisatellite data and standard service interface should be developed for China.