關於西域及西蜀之古氣候與古地理

西域一名,起自前漢。有廣狹二義,從廣義言,奄有今天山南北路及葱嶺外中央亞西亚、印度、高加索及黑海以北一帶之地。從狹義言,僅指天山、葱嶺及崑崙三山間之塔里木盆地是也。本文所論之西域,為狹義之西域,即今新彊省天山南路之塔里木盆地也。至題中不言四川而言西蜀,則因大部論證皆以川西為言故也。在未入正文之前,請先略述本文研究之經過。作者於二十八年五月隨氣象研究所遷北碚,是年秋冬。雨澤稀少。九月上半月且極燠熱,有似盛夏。同事薛君鐵虎(二十九年四月死難於民用輪)適任繪裂天氣圖事,就予叩其故。予初亦茫然,經數次商討後,遂引起研究四川天氣及氣候之興趣。二十九年初寫成‘控制四川雨量的三個主因’一文(註1),其中一个主因,予創其名为‘天漏’。此篇中國氣象上特有之新例。後根據此理引申之而有‘巴山夜雨’之作(註2)。‘天漏’之根據為西藏高原,高原面積之大,世無其匹,西蜀天氣一部分既受此大高原之影響,則此高原上之氣象情形,自為一極有興味之問题。予遂因此而有西藏高原上雨量與氣壓等之研究(註

ON THE PALEOCLIMATE AND PALEOGEOGRAPHY OF THE TARIM BASIN AND WESTERN SZECHUAN,CHINA

The present paper is a further study on the problem of desiccation of the Tarim basin during the historic times. Owing to the extreme dry conditions in the Tarim basin at present, it re- minds us of the theory of shrinkage of the glaciers on the northern Kunlun slopes as postulated by Sir Sidney Burrard, the late Sur- veyor General of India early in 1908. In the Quaternary Ice Age the Tibetan plateau was mostly an ice cap something like the present polar ice caps. Immediately after the close of the last ice...