Release of dissolved amino acids by flagellates and ciliates grazing on bacteria |
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| Institution: | 1. Observatoire Océanologique Européen, Centre Scientifique de Monaco, avenue Saint-Martin, MC-98000 Monaco, Principauté de Monaco;2. University of Hawaii, SOEST Dept. Oceanography, 1000 Pope Road, Honolulu, Hawaii 96822, USA;3. Observatoire Océanologique, URA-CNRS 716, Station Zoologique, BP 28, 06230 Villefranche-sur-Mer, France;1. Dept. Ecología y biología animal, Facultad de Ciencias del Mar, Universidad de Vigo, CP 36210 Vigo (Pontevedra), Spain;2. Scottish Association for Marine Science, Scottish Marine Institute, Oban, Argyll, PA37 1QA Scotland, UK;1. Epidemiology and Biostatistics Unit, IRCCS Istituto Giannina Gaslini, Genova, Italy;2. Center of Biostatistics for Clinical Epidemiology, School of Medicine and Surgery, University of Milan-Bicocca, Monza, Italy;3. Pediatric Department, San Gerardo Hospital, University of Milano-Bicocca, Fondazione MBBM, Monza, Italy;4. Environmental and Occupational Epidemiology Branch, Cancer Risk Factors and Lifestyle Epidemiology Unit, Cancer Research and Prevention Institute (ISPO), Florence, Italy;5. Tumori Ligure, Unit of Clinical Epidemiology, IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, Genoa, Italy;6. Pediatric Oncology Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale Dei Tumori, Milan, Italy;7. Unit of Cancer Epidemiology, Città Della Salute e Della Scienza University-Hospital and Center for Cancer Prevention (CPO), Turin, Italy;8. Department of Pediatric Hematology-Oncology and Bone Marrow Transplantation, IRCCS Istituto Giannina Gaslini, Genova, Italy;9. Department of Child and Woman Health, Oncology Hematology Division, University-Hospital of Padua, Padua, Italy;10. Pediatric Onco-Hematology and Stem Cell Transplant Division, City of Health and Science, Regina Margherita Children''s Hospital, University of Turin, Turin, Italy;11. Pediatric Oncology Hematology \"Lalla Seragnoli\", Policlinico S.Orsola-Malpighi, Bologna, Italy;12. Department of Hematology/Oncology and Stem Cell Transplantation, Bambino Gesù Children''s Hospital, IRCCS, Rome, Italy;13. Pediatric Hematology-Oncology Division, Department of Pediatrics, University of Bari, Bari, Italy;14. Pediatric Oncology Service, Pediatric Department, Second University of Naples, Napoli, Italy;15. Sezione Ematologia Dipartimento di Biotecnologie Cellulari Ed Ematologia - Università La Sapienza, Roma, Italy;p. Haematology/Oncology Unit, Dept of Pediatrics, University of Catania- Catania, Italy;q. Pediatric Hemato-Oncology Unit, IRCCS Materno Infantile Burlo Garofolo, Trieste, Italy;r. Department of Hematology and Oncology, University Hospital AOU Meyer, Florence, Italy;s. Pediatric Hematology Oncology, Fondazione IRCCS Policlinico San Matteo, Pavia, Italy;t. Paediatric Haematology and Oncology Unit, Ospedale Pediatrico Microcitemico, Cagliari, Italy;u. Pediatric Oncology Unit, G. Di Cristina Children''s Hospital, Palermo, Italy;v. Onco-hematology Paediatric Unit, Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences for Mothers, Children and Adults, Modena, Italy;w. Boyne Research Institute, Drogheda, Ireland;1. Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Univ Paris 06, UMR 7093, LOV, Observatoire Océanologique, F-06230, Villefranche-sur-mer, France;2. CNRS, UMR 7093, LOV, Observatoire Océanologique, F-06230, Villefranche-sur-mer, France;3. National Oceanography Centre, University of Southampton Waterfront Campus, European Way, United Kingdom;1. Institute of Soil Science and Soil Conservation, Research Centre for BioSystems, Land Use and Nutrition, University of Giessen, Heinrich-Buff-Ring 26, D-35392 Giessen, Germany;2. Department of Soil Science, Faculty of Organic Agricultural Sciences, University of Kassel, Nordbahnhofstr. 1A, D-37213 Witzenhausen, Germany;3. Department of Agrifood Production and Environmental Sciences, University of Florence, Piazzale delle Cascine 24, Firenze, I-50144, Italy;4. Plant Ecology and Systematics, Biology, University of Kaiserslautern, Erwin-Schrödinger-Str. 13, D-67663 Kaiserslautern, Germany;5. Institute of Plant Nutrition and Soil Science, Christian-Albrechts-University Kiel, Hermann-Rodewald-Str. 2, D-24118 Kiel, Germany;6. Institute of Ecosystem Study, National Research Council (ISE-CNR), via Madonna del Piano 6, Sesto Fiorentino, Firenze, I-50144, Italy;1. Queensland Department of Science, Information Technology and Innovation, GPO Box 5078 Brisbane 4001, Australia;2. Queensland Department of Health, Forensic and Scientific Services, 39 Kessels Road, Coopers Plains, Qld 4108, Australia;1. Normandie Université, Université de Caen-Normandie, Esplanade de la paix, F-14032 Caen, France;2. UMR BOREA (CNRS-7208, IRD-207, MNHN, UPMC, UCBN), Esplanade de la paix, F-14032 Caen, France;3. Ifremer, LER/N, Avenue du Général de Gaulle, 14520 Port-en-Bessin, France |
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| Abstract: | Release of amino acids was examined in the laboratory in the form of dissolved primary amine (DPA) by two marine planktonic protozoa (the oligotrichous ciliate, Strombidium sulcatum and the aplastidic flagellate Pseudobodo sp.) grazing on bacteria. DPA release rates were high (19–25 × 10?6 and 1.8–2.3 × 10?6 μmol DPA cell?1 h?1 for flagellates and ciliates, respectively) during the exponential phase, when the ingestion rates were maximum. Release rates were lower during the other growth phases. The release of DPA accounted for 10 % (flagellates) and 16 % (ciliates) of the total nitrogen ingested. Our data suggest that the release of DPA by protozoa could play an important role in supporting bacterial and consequently autotrophic pico- and nanoplankton growth, especially in oligotrophic waters, where the release of phytoplanktonic dissolved organic matter is low. |
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