高海拔多年冻土区露采矿山边坡水冰环境特征分析

为了掌握高海拔多年冻土区露天煤矿边坡形成后的水分变化规律，明晰其对边坡稳定性的影响特征，依托青海木里聚乎更矿区露天煤矿矿坑开挖过程，运用调查和监测的方法分析了采场边坡的水冰环境。调查分析结果表明，矿区内分布着连续的厚度不等的多年冻土（岩）层，矿坑开挖切割不同岩性的冻结地层而形成多种类型的边坡，由于边坡地层岩性和结构的差异而使岩体含冰特征体现出较大不同。原始冻结岩土体因开挖形成边坡而使其温度与水分环境发生了显著变化，边坡表面地层由温度和水分稳定态转化为温度与水分敏感态，即逐渐由多年冻土（岩）层转化为季节冻土（岩）层，在水分和温度的双重因素作用下，边坡岩体的水冰环境在不断地发生着复杂的变化。通过地层温度和水冰环境的调查与分类概化，可为研究岩体的真实冻融劣化规律及边坡稳定性演化规律提供科学基础。 

Water and ice environments of open pit slope in high altitude area

In order to know the changing law of water in frozen rock or soil slope and stability of slope in open pit coal mines in high altitude area, and relying on the excavation process of pit in Juhugeng mining area, water and ice environments were analyzed by surveying and monitoring methods. The results show that permafrost widely distributes in the coal mine area, and several kinds of slopes have been created during the pit excavation. Because strata characteristics influence the water and ice form in slope rock or soil mass, temperature and water are changing in the rock or soil mass after frozen rock or soil are exposed in air and sunshine, so the stable temperature and water environment of original frozen rock or soil change with air temperature. Surface rock or soil mass of slope changes from permafrost to seasonal frozen rock or soil. Being influenced by air temperature and water, the water and ice environments have complex change. From geological survey, classifying and generalization of ground temperature, water and ice environments, the results could be scientific foundation for study of rock damage rule and rock slope stability in freeze-thaw cycling environments.