西安城市CBD体系发展演进的特征与趋势

基于土地交易、基本产业单位普查、商务办公楼宇开发、规模以上商场发展等多方面资料,以当代CBD演进基本规律及基本理论为借鉴和索引,并以西安市为实证案例对当代中国城市CBD体系发展演进的一些典型现象、特征及其机制进行了分析。结果表明:传统市中心区正在经历以总功能类型减少而商业服务功能突出强化为基本特征的功能“纯化”;生产者服务业集中的商务中心显著离心漂移、而零售商业中心则相对稳定,因而城市商务与商业中心趋于空间分离化;高新技术产业开发区正崛起成为西安市的中央商务区(主CBD);在整个西安中心城市层面,一个“双极多核”的CBD体系正在发育形成。     

国际大都市经验与广州城市交通的建设和管理

运用比较分析的方法,将广州市与国际著名大都市道路交通建设和管理的实践进行了对照,找出广州市目前存在的主要问题,借鉴国际大都市在城市道路建设和管理中的成功经验,提出合理规划布局广州市城市道路系统和科学管理城区交通的一些措施和对策。     

城市中心商业区内部功能与步行街

本文研究城市中心商业区商务，居住，交通等内部功能方面的问题，并提出有关在中心商业区设置步行街的一些见解。     

广州CBD的功能特征与空间结构

在评术国内外ＣＢＤ研究的基础上,利用实际开发建设部门的资料、统计资料和实地调查资料,系统研究了广州ＣＢＤ的功能特征与空间结构,包括ＣＢＤ范围界定、ＣＢＤ功能的总体特征和分区特征、ＣＢＤ平面结构和垂直结构及空间结构及空间结构的形成机制,并探讨了我国特大城市ＣＢＤ功能与结构演变的一般规律。     

GIS开发中可重用组件资源库的设计

传统的GIS系统开发多采用结构化的设计思想,对于不同GIS信息系统的建设,需要重复去设计、开发相关模块,开发效率较低.将组件重用思想应用到GIS开发实践中,总结了组件、组件重用思想及组件开发流程,探讨了GIS开发中可重用接口的设计思路,包括:空间数据库连接和图层加载接口设计,数据查询和维护接口设计,空间分析接口设计.应...     

Ecosystem-based marine spatial management: Review of concepts, policies, tools, and critical issues

Conventional sectoral management and piecemeal governance are considered less and less appropriate in pursuit of sustainable development. Ecosystem based marine spatial management (EB-MSM) is an approach that recognizes the full array of interactions within an ecosystem, including human uses, rather than considering single issues, species, or ecosystem services in isolation. Marine spatial planning and ocean zoning are emerging concepts that can support EB-MSM. EB-MSM is driven by high-level goals that managers aim to achieve through the implementation of measures. High-level goals and objectives need to be translated into more operational objectives before specific targets, limits and measures can be elaborated.Monitoring, evaluation and adaptation are necessary to ensure that marine management measures are both effective and efficient. Solid monitoring frameworks are the foundation of adaptive management, as they provide the necessary information to evaluate performance and the effectiveness of management actions. Marine protected areas (MPAs) - possibly set up in networks - constitute a key component in EB-MSM policies and practises and have been applied as a cornerstone in conservation of marine biodiversity, management of fish populations, development of coastal tourism, etc. Moreover, MPA experiences have provided methods and concepts (such as zoning) to a wider EB-MSM context. The assignment of values to biophysical features of the marine environment allows the direct assessment of related management choices and may assist EB-MSM.A range of monetary valuation techniques have been proposed to reduce attributes of goods and services to a single metric. However, in the marine environment such an approach is often over simplistic, and thus less reductive techniques may be necessary. Rather than producing a single metric, the results of non-monetary assessments guide policy allowing weight to be given as necessary to potential areas of conflict and consensus.Strategies to take into account climate change effects and geohazard risks in EB-MSM have been applied or proposed worldwide. EB-MSM regimes must be alert to such risks and flexible to account for changes.     

BOOK REVIEWS

Book Reviewed in this article: Hillslope Processes. Binghamton Symposia in Geomorphology International Series: 16. Athol D. Abrahams , ed. The Atlas of Central America and the Caribbean. The Diagram Group . The Cultural Atlas of Islam. Isma'il R. al Faruqi and Lois Lamaya'al Faruqi . Atlas of Israel Contemporary Africa: Development, Culture and the State. Morag Bell . Fundamentals of Physical Geography. David Briggs and Peter Smithson . The Bicentennial Census: New Directions for Methodology in 1990. Constance F. Citro and Michael L. Cohen , eds . World Patterns of Modern Urban Change: Essays in Honor of Chauncy D. Harris. Michael P. Conzen , ed . New Directions for Agriculture and Agricultural Research: Neglected Dimensions and Emerging Alternatives. Kenneth A. Dahlberg , ed . Water Resources Atlas of Florida. E.A. Fernald and D.J. Patton , eds . Landscape Ecology. R.T.T. Forman and M. Godron . The Myth of the North American City: Continentalism Challenged. Michael Goldberg and John Mercer . The Permafrost Environment. Stuart A. Harris . Climate and Circulation of the Tropics. Stefan Hastenrath . The Island of South Georgia. Robert Headland . The Making of Urban Europe, 1000-1950. Paul M. Hohenberg and Lynn Hollen Lees . Bombay in Transition: The Growth and Social Ecology of a Colonial City, 1889–1980. Meera Kosambi . Plant Closings; Public or Private Choices? Richard B. McKenzie , ed . Malaysia: Tradition, Modernity and Islam. R.S. Milne and Diane K. Mauzy . Technology on the Frontier: Mining in Old Ontario. Dianne Newell . The Maritime Political Boundaries of the World. J.R.V. Prescott . Tall Office Buildings in the United States. James W. Pygman and Richard Kateley (Real Estate Research Corporation). Technology, Regions, and Policy. John Rees , ed . The United States and the Regional Organization of Asia and the Pacific: 1965-1985. W.W. Rostow . Renewable Energy: Progress, Prospects. Stephen W. Sawyer Wisconsin Foundations. Gwen Schultz . Dwelling, Place and Environment: Towards a Phenomenology of Person and World. David Seamon and Robert Mugerauer , eds . Power and Place: Canadian Urban Development in the North American Context. Gilbert A. Stelter and Alan F.J. Artibise , eds . Small Firms in Regional Economic Development: Britain, Ireland and the United States. D. J. Storey , ed . Mathematical Methods in Human Geography and Planning. A. G. Wilson and R. J. Bennett . El Niño North: Niño Effects on the Eastern Subarctic Pacific Ocean. W. S. Wooster and D. L. Fluharty , eds . The Soviet Iron and Steel Industry. Craig ZumBrunnen and Jeffrey Osleeb .     

青岛市HCBD的特点与形成机制

依据ＣＢＤ理论，对我国大城市在国际经济流动体系中逐步形成的一类不同于传统ＣＢＤ的以旅游服务为特征ＨＣＢＤ进行了初步的考察和研究。以青岛市为便，详细了青岛市ＨＣＢＤ的特点和形成机制。     

城市CBD功能成熟度评价指标体系的构建——以杭州钱江新城CBD为例

本文基于"如何衡量CBD的功能发育程度"这一极具现实意义的问题,通过以杭州钱江新城CBD为例,结合国内外CBD研究中的理论及实践经验,采用德尔菲法归纳出总体规模、功能协调、功能集聚和功能辐射四大类指标,并进一步从可操作性的角度进行了细分,最终形成1项目标层(A层)、4项准则层(B层)和18项基础指标层(C层)的一整套较为完善的CBD功能成熟度指标体系。文中采用层次分析法,通过对32位相关专家学者的问卷调查,确定了各项基础指标的权重,并通过了一致性检验。结果表明,就准则层指标而言,显然CBD的功能集聚程度B3(0.4085)和功能辐射程度B4(0.3392),更能凸显CBD作为城市区域经济的核心地位。而且,各基础指标层内部也存在着显著的差异。     

北京中央商务区(CBD)城市热岛效应的研究

利用2012~2013年北京中央商务区（Central Business District,CBD）加密观测资料,分析CBD区域城市热岛（Urban Heat Island,UHI）强度日变化和空间变化特征及其影响因子。研究发现,CBD区域气温高于周边自动站气温,平均偏高0.64℃;CBD区域城市热岛强度呈现夜间强、白天弱的现象,中午甚至存在“城市冷岛”现象。季节平均UHI日变化表现为:在夜间,秋季最强,冬季次之,春季和夏季较弱;在白天,夏季最强,冬季次之,春季和秋季较弱。相对于晴朗无风天气,雾、雨、大风等天气对城市热岛有抑制作用,并结合小波分析结果发现,秋季城市热岛强度强于冬季是由于冬季雾、雨、大风等天气过程发生比例较高的缘故。CBD区域城市热岛空间变化特征研究发现,花园、学校等绿地有助于缓解城市热岛效应。雾日、雨日和大风日的CBD区域城市热岛强度空间变化标准差比晴朗无风日小。