CHARACTERIZATION OF DEFORMATION AND X-RAY PETROFABRICS IN THE MIDDLE PART OF THE WAHONGSHAN FAULT ZONE, QINGHAI PROVINCE, NORTHWESTERN CHINA

The Wahongshan fault zone in Qinghai province is one of the most important faults in westem China. In this paper, deformation and X-ray petrofabrics have been studied in the middle segment of the fault. The results show that the formation of the fault zones can be divided into two major stages: ductile shear deformation stage and brittle deformation stage. The early stage ductile shearing leads to the formation of the NW-NNW trending mylonite zones along the fault, which is intensely cut by the late-formed brittle faults. X-ray petrofabrics of rocks near the faults indicate that the minerals in the tectonites show a great degree of orientation in the alignment. The quartz, which is a very important mineral in the tectonites, is deformed by basal face gliding or near basal face gliding, and sometimes by prismatic face sliding, which indicates that the rocks are deformed in epithermal to mesothermal or mesothermal environment, and the dynamic recrystallization also plays an important role in the formation     

Calculated and observed seismic behaviour of exposed upper mantle

In order to determine the seismic properties of rocks representing the continental crust/upper mantle transition, a structural and petrographical study of peridotites of the Ivrea-Verbano zone (N. Italy) has been undertaken. The seismic behaviour (Vp, Vs, birefringence, orientation of the fast shear-wave polarisation plane) has been calculated from the modal composition of rock samples, together with the crystallographic preferred orientation and the single crystal elastic constants, using the methods of Mainprice (1990). It is shown that the intrinsic anisotropy of peridotites is mainly due to the lattice preferred orientation (LPO) of olivine and to the competing effects due to the LPO of orthopyroxene. If present, well-oriented hydrous phases such as phlogopite, leads to both P- and S-waves velocities becoming drastically reduced, but the anisotropy and the S-wave splitting (mainly on the foliation plane) is increased. An attempt has been made to apply this petrologic and microstructural approach to understand the seismic properties of ultramafic rocks with the aid of a mobile seismic network set up in the Ivrea-Verbano zone. Five recording units with 3-component geophones were installed on the most representative lithologies of the Ivrea-Verbano zone: kinzigites, gabbros, stronalites, and on metapelites of the adjacent outcrop of the Serie dei Laghi. During five months the seismic network recorded 49 events that were mainly regional earthquakes. The preliminary analysis of the first arrival revealed a high-velocity anomaly near the Finero ultramafic massif. Rough calculations indicated that this anomaly could be due to a shallow-depth, peridotitic body about six kilometres thick. S-wave polarisation analysis was carried out on the horizontal components of the seismograms of four regional earthquakes that showed a first arrival propagating almost vertically at the recording sites. Four earthquakes were chosen in order to reconstruct the orientation of the polarisation plane of the shear phases. The preliminary results of this analysis have shown a qualitatively good agreement between the orientation of the polarisation plane of the fast shear-wave and the strike of the foliation at the station near Finero, located on kinzigites of the Ivrea-Verbano zone, although the relationships between the local structural setting and the polarisation orientations at the other recording sites is not yet so clear.     

西藏东巧方辉橄榄岩的显微构造特征及其流变学意义

西藏东巧地区蛇绿岩套中橄榄岩是青藏高原出露的为数不多的地幔岩体之一, 对于揭示该地区的上地幔流变学特征具有重要意义.报道了该地区方辉橄榄岩中橄榄石的位错显微构造特征, 估算了上地幔流变学参数.显微构造研究表明, 东巧方辉橄榄岩发育残斑结构, 橄榄石中位错组态类型比较丰富, 包括自由位错、位错壁(包括宽阔型和紧密型)、位错弓弯和位错网, 表明橄榄石的主导变形机制可能为位错蠕变.该区地幔岩变形大致分为2个阶段: (1) 地幔缓慢塑性流动变形, 形成宽阔型位错壁; (2) 蛇绿岩侵位过程中的变形, 产生紧密型位错壁.根据2种位错壁估算的流动应力平均值分别为3 9.3MPa (宽阔型)和113.9MPa (紧密型), 计算结果获得东巧地区上地幔流动速率为1.13× 10-12 ~ 2.95× 10-11s-1, 有效粘度为4.44×1017~ 1.16×1019Pa°s, 这些参数为东巧地区上地幔物理特征提供了流变学的约束条件      

关于敦化-安图一带的"砂板岩夹大理岩"地层时代的重新厘定及万宝岩组的建立

吉林省敦化-安图一带的"砂板岩夹大理岩"前人曾将其置于二叠纪"庙岭组",寒武-奥陶纪"黄莺屯组".但均缺少相关的生物资料及测年数据,所依靠的仅是岩石组合特征的区域对比.本次15万区域地质调查①,在万宝一带(大甸子幅)的砂板岩中发现了微古植物化石,经地科院地质所高林志同志鉴定计有Lophosphaeridium sp.,Leiominucula sp.,Leiopsophosphaela solida sinetliu,其时代为前寒武纪.这些微古植物的发现,为该区的"砂板岩夹大理岩"地层之时代重新厘定找到了直接的生物依据.鉴于该套地层岩石组合特征清楚,时代依据充分,在区域上具有一定的延展性和可填图性,故将其重新命名为万宝岩组.这个岩组的建立对吉黑地区的新元古代地层之划分、对比具有重要的意义.     

广西下、中三叠统砾质岩类特征及成因探讨

文章分析论述了广西下、中三叠统砾质岩类所在层位及其特征，并将其划分为水道砾岩、崩塌—滑塌砾岩、沉积混杂岩３种成因类型，探讨了形成环境及其意义，指出它们均是三叠纪时期构造作用的沉积表现。     

辽北法库城子山一带硅灰石矿床地质特征

法库城子山一带硅灰石矿床分布在吉黑地槽南缘调兵山背斜，赋存于早古生代富拉堡子岩组与岩体接触带附近，属接触变质型矿床。区域上构成了东、西两个硅灰石矿带。矿石类型有： 致密块状硅灰石－ 方解石－ 石英型， 硅灰石－ 石英型， 巨晶硅灰石－ 方解石型等三种类型。其主要围岩蚀变为硅灰石化、硅化、碳酸盐化、绿泥石化及角岩化，局部见矽卡岩化。富硅灰岩－ 三叠世侵入岩－ 构造裂隙系统是主要控矿因素。     

鄂尔多斯盆地奥陶系不同组构碳酸盐岩埋藏溶蚀实验

鄂尔多斯盆地奥陶系碳酸盐岩储层受埋藏溶蚀作用控制明显,而地层深部复杂的水-岩反应造成埋藏溶蚀研究难度较大,并进而影响了储层的评价与预测。分别利用CO₂溶液和乙酸溶液为流体介质进行溶蚀模拟实验,探讨埋藏条件下温度、压力、流体等因素对不同矿物及组构碳酸盐岩溶蚀作用的影响。结果表明:1）随着温度与压力升高,碳酸盐岩样品在乙酸溶液中的溶解速率均相应提高,在CO₂溶液中的溶解速率则先增加后减小,且在110℃~130℃区间内溶蚀速率最大;深埋藏环境下,各岩类溶蚀速率差异减小,并趋于一致;2）岩石矿物成分和组构,原岩初始孔隙度的大小及其连通关系,以及晶体的产状对成岩后期的埋藏溶蚀作用也具有重要的影响。不溶组分含量低、颗粒/灰泥比高、矿物成分复杂的碳酸盐岩由于组构选择性溶蚀作用而更易被溶蚀;碳酸盐岩的溶蚀速率随方解石含量的增加而增加,但深埋藏环境下,矿物成分含量差异对溶蚀速率的影响作用减弱;硬石膏与白云岩相伴生时,可优先溶蚀形成膏模孔,并促进白云石的溶解,改善储层效果。不同岩性,总体上灰岩较白云岩及过渡岩类更易发生埋藏溶蚀作用。结合研究区实际地质条件分析,砂屑灰岩、膏质白云岩等埋藏溶蚀强度较大,通过对原岩早期组构选择性溶蚀形成孔隙的继承和调整,叠加埋藏期岩溶作用后,可形成规模优质储层。     

上海及其邻区楔形断裂系统北翼断裂构造岩显微构造及岩组动力学研究

本文通过对断裂构造岩显微构造特征的研究,进而对石英变形纹及光轴系统测量统计,进行岩组动力学分析,重建了断裂活动时的应力场特征及演化。并对断裂空间分布,断裂性质,运动方式、方向,生成环境及活动时期等作出推论。从而验证和进一步揭示了断裂的宏观构造特征。     

湖北大冶铁山矿区构造的岩组分析

本文采用了方解石光轴优选方位、e双晶C—T图法、以及两种用e双晶页理估算应力大小的动力学方法,对鄂东大冶铁山矿区的大理岩进行了岩组学的研究,根据所得资料的分析及相互印证,得出了若干结论。是一次运用岩组分析配合地区构造研究的尝试。     

阿尔泰富蕴-青河一带东段变形岩石X光组构分析

通过对新疆阿尔泰南缘东段地区主要构造带变形岩石的X光岩组分析,认为该区岩石变形比较强烈,石英变形机制以中低温底面型或近底面型滑移为主,部分为中高温柱面Ⅰ型滑移系。属于中浅—中等层次(10～15km,T=300～450℃,p=0.25～0.40GPa)的韧脆性—韧性变形。达拉维孜-阿热勒托别剪切流变构造带和库尔提-玛因鄂博韧性剪压变形带变形的物理化学条件相似,结合区域地质分析,这2个带与萨尔布拉克-科克萨依脆性挤压劈理化带一起可能组成一个完整的板块(微陆块)聚合变形带。而锡泊渡(635水库)-富蕴变晶糜棱岩带岩石变形的条件明显不同,温度压力偏高,说明其具有不同的演化历史,可能为古生代期间被强烈改造的具有前震旦纪结晶基底的微大陆的残留。