基于峰值因子最大化的鬼波压制方法

针对传统拖缆采集得到的海上地震资料受鬼波影响而导致频带宽度变窄,笔者提出一种去鬼波方法,可以压制鬼波效应,拓宽频带。首先在频率-空间域推导出镜像数据生成公式,并基于峰值因子最大化的参数搜索方法来估计最优的鬼波延迟时间,将最优的鬼波延迟时代入镜像记录生成公式,获得最优的镜像记录,利用联合反褶积算法得到最优的去鬼波结果。将本文中的方法应用于模拟的变深度采集数据和海上实测的变深度采集数据,证实该方法可以有效地压制鬼波,消除频谱中的陷波点,得到宽频数据。     

The terrestrial fauna of the Late Triassic Pant-y-ffynnon Quarry fissures,South Wales,UK and a new species of Clevosaurus (Lepidosauria: Rhynchocephalia)

Pant-y-ffynnon Quarry in South Wales yielded a rich cache of fossils in the early 1950s, including articulated specimens of new species (the small sauropodomorph dinosaur Pantydraco caducus and the crocodylomorph Terrestrisuchus gracilis), but no substantial study of the wider fauna of the Pant-y-ffynnon fissure systems has been published. Here, our overview of existing specimens, a few described but mostly undescribed, as well as freshly processed material, provides a comprehensive picture of the Pant-y-ffynnon palaeo-island of the Late Triassic. This was an island with a relatively impoverished fauna dominated by small clevosaurs (rhynchocephalians), including a new species, Clevosaurus cambrica, described here from a partially articulated specimen and isolated bones. The new species has a dental morphology that is intermediate between the Late Triassic Clevosaurus hudsoni, from Cromhall Quarry to the east, and the younger C. convallis from Pant Quarry to the west, suggesting adaptive radiation of clevosaurs in the palaeo-archipelago. The larger reptiles on the palaeo-island do not exceed 1.5?m in length, including a small carnivorous crocodylomorph, Terrestrisuchus, and a possible example of insular dwarfism in the basal dinosaur Pantydraco.     

前倾槽背景下河套地区一次强冰雹天气成因分析

利用常规观测资料、多普勒雷达资料以及NECP(1°×1°)逐6 h再分析资料,对2016年9月22日内蒙古河套地区强冰雹天气成因进行分析,结果表明:在前倾槽有利的天气尺度环流背景下,中高层干冷空气叠加在低层暖湿空气上形成了对流不稳定层结条件。较大的对流有效位能(CAPE)、假相当位温θse高能区、0～6 km中等强度的垂直风切变有利于强冰雹的形成。反射率因子有"钩状回波"、前侧入流缺口、后侧入流缺口;前侧入流缺口表明有上升气流,强盛的上升气流有利于空中大冰雹的增长,后侧入流缺口表明有下沉气流,有可能引起破坏性大风。基本径向速度剖面有明显的中气旋特征,强烈的辐合有利于对流风暴上升运动的进一步发展;对流风暴后侧有辐散下沉气流降落到地面,辐散风出流促使对流风暴前沿的暖湿气流强迫抬升,从而使上升运动得到进一步的加强。反射率因子剖面有弱回波区、回波悬垂且55 dBZ以上的强回波核心位置超过-20℃层等温线高度以上;弱回波区左侧的回波强度高达55～60 dBZ且已经接地,表明有大冰雹降落到地面。     

Geology and hazard implications of the Maraunot notch in the Pinatubo Caldera,Philippines

The 1991 Pinatubo eruption left 5–6 km³ of debris on the volcano slopes, much of which has been mobilized into large lahars in the following rainy seasons. Also during the eruption, collapse, localized in part along preexisting faults, left a caldera 2.5 km in diameter that almost immediately began to accumulate a 1.6 × 10⁸ m³ lake. By 2001, the water had risen to the fault-controlled Maraunot Notch, the lowest, northwestern portion of the caldera rim comprising the physiographic sill of the Caldera Lake. That year, a narrow artificial canal dug into an old volcanic breccia underlying the outlet channel failed to induce a deliberate lake breakout, but discharge from heavy rains in July 2002 rapidly deepened the notch by 23 m, releasing an estimated 6.5 × 10⁷ m³ of lake water that bulked up into lahars with a volume well in excess of 1.6 × 10⁸ m³. Lakes in other volcanoes have experienced multiple breakouts, providing practical motivation for this study. Fieldwork and high-resolution digital elevation models reveal andesites and ancient lacustrine deposits, strongly fractured and deformed along a segment of the Maraunot Fault, a prominent, steeply dipping, left-lateral fault zone that trends N35°–40°W within and parallel to the notch. Seismicity in 1991 demonstrated that the Maraunot Fault is still active. The fault zone appears to have previously been the erosional locus for a large channel, filled with avalanche or landslide deposits of an earlier eruption that were exhumed by the 2002 breakout floods. The deformed lacustrine sediments, with an uncalibrated ¹⁴C age of 14,760 ± 40 year BP from a single charcoal sample, attest to the existence of an earlier lake, possibly within the Tayawan Caldera, rim remnants of which survive as arcuate escarpments. That lake may well have experienced one or more ancient breakouts as well. The 2002 event greatly reduced the possibility of another such event by scouring away the erodible breccia, leaving less erodible fractured andesites and lacustrine rocks, and by enlarging the outlet channel and its discharge capacity. Several lines of evidence indicate, however, that future lahar-generating lake breakouts at the notch may keep populations of Botolan municipality downstream at risk: (1) a volume of 9.5 × 10⁷ m³ of lake water remains perched 0.8 km above sea level; (2) seismicity in 1991 demonstrated that the Maraunot Fault is still active and movements of sufficient magnitude could enlarge the outlet and the discharge through it; (3) more likely, however, with or without earthquake activity, landslides from the steep to overhanging channel walls could block the channel again, and a major rainstorm could then cause a rise in lake level and sudden breakouts; (4) intrusion of a new dome into the bottom of the lake, possibly accompanied by phreatic explosions, could expel large volumes of lahar-generating water.     

海底电缆鬼波压制及陷频补偿方法研究

受到海底、自由表面等强反射界面的影响, 在海底电缆采集的地震资料中鬼波干扰往往非常发育, 在频谱中表现为明显的陷频现象, 严重影响地震剖面的质量, 给后期的处理解释带来困难。为克服这一困难, 根据海底电缆双检(陆检和水检)对下行波场的不同响应, 在深入研究伪多道匹配滤波技术的基础上提出了伪多道双检合成方法。与传统的求取反射系数的双检合成方法不同, 该方法完全数据驱动。在合成数据和渤海地震资料的实际应用中, 鬼波成分得到了明显的压制, 同时拓宽频带, 补偿陷频, 证明了该方法的有效性。     

古海蚀与相似地形的区别：形态与成因——以广东黄圃海蚀遗迹为例

对比黄圃镇海蚀遗迹与其它非海蚀成因相似地形,得出其形态特征差异:海蚀槽穴同时切过软硬相间的岩石,仅出现在某一水平面;片流和风化作用形成的凹槽与结构面或岩层完全平行而且连续延伸,出现在整个山坡面上,凹槽前无平台;河流侧蚀作用在同一水平面上,不能同时形成凹槽和平台;河流溶蚀作用也是水平的,在石灰岩河岸侧壁形成凹槽,槽上有突出屋檐,无平台;波浪作用不强的石灰岩海岸也可形成凹槽和突出屋檐,但无海蚀平台;只有波浪作用才能同时形成(海蚀)平台和(海蚀)凹穴.     

基于摩尔-库仑模型的非线性本构模型的开发及其在应变局部化中的应用

以FLAC中的Mohr-Coulomb（M-C）本构模型为基础,在C++环境下实现了考虑拉伸截断的非线性本构模型的二次开发。针对应力及位移的分布规律,将理想弹塑性的Hoek-Brown（H-B）本构模型、M-C本构模型及自定义本构模型的数值解及H-B本构模型的理论解进行了比较,验证了自定义本构模型的正确性。采用弹-脆-塑性的自定义本构模型,以先加载,后挖洞的方式模拟了圆形巷道围岩的应变局部化过程,在计算模型的边界条件对称及均质本构参数的条件下,模拟出了4个对称的V型坑,模拟结果与静水压力条件下岩爆的现场观测及试验结果吻合,而采用接近脆性的H-B应变软化模型所得结果的对称性较差     

Theoretical and experimental study of Chen chaotic system with notch filter feedback control

Since the past two decades, the time delay feedback control method has attracted more and more attention in chaos control studies because of its simplicity and efficiency compared with other chaos control schemes. Recently, it has been proposed to suppress low-dimensional chaos with the notch filter feedback control method, which can be implemented in a laser system. In this work, we have analytically determined the controllable conditions for notch filter feedback controlling of Chen chaotic system in terms of the Hopf bifurcation theory. The conditions for notch filter feedback controlled Chen chaoitc system having a stable limit cycle solution are given. Meanwhile, we also analysed the Hopf bifurcation direction, which is very important for parameter settings in notch filter feedback control applications. Finally, we apply the notch filter feedback control methods to the electronic circuit experiments and numerical simulations based on the theoretical analysis. The controlling results of notch filter feedback control method well prove the feasibility and reliability of the theoretical analysis.     

罗兰C信号中的窄带干扰抑制与仿真

窄带干扰（NBI）是罗兰C接收机接收信号中普遍存在的一种干扰。这种窄带干扰经常淹没有用的罗兰C信号,因此,去掉NBI对罗兰C接收机的正常工作尤为重要。分别采用最小均方误差（LMS）自适应算法和二阶自适应格型滤波器算法对带有窄带干扰的罗兰C信号进行处理。仿真结果得出：LMS自适应滤波器对同步干扰和近同步干扰都有很好的效果;但是由于罗兰C信号本身的编码信息而比较难获取期望信号,加上LMS自适应滤波器实现阶数较高,实现相对困难。二阶格型自适应滤波器由于是完全除去干扰频率点,不能用于同步干扰,但其对近同步干扰和非同步干扰仍然有很好的效果,且其实现较为简单,易于在工程上应用。     

Relative Sea-Level Change During the Late Holocene on the Island of Vis (Croatia) – Issa Harbour Archaeological Site

The 2.4 ka shoreline evolution on the Island of Vis has been investigated. It represents a particularly interesting area for this kind of investigation due to the existence of the submerged archaeological remains, the antique port of Issa, as well as to the existence of geomorphological and biological sea-level markers. The actual depths of the different parts of the submerged quay have been mapped and measured with respect to the present mean sea-level, applying corrections for tide and atmospheric pressure values at the time of the surveys. The functional heights related to the sea level at the time of construction have also been taken into account. These data were further compared with predictions derived from a glacio-hydro-isostatic model associated with the Last Glacial cycle. During the investigation of the coast, tidal notches and algal rims were found. They were mapped, measured and correlated with results of the submerged port remains, as well as with other available data along the Croatian coast.

Our results demonstrate a 199±25 cm sea-level change during 2.4 ka on the Island of Vis. Taking into account the total relative sea-level change, an average rate of around ~0.83 mm/yr is derived. If the isostatic-eustatic component is separated, a tectonic subsidence rate ranges between 0.17 and 0.3 mm/yr depending on the predicted model used. Compared to the Northern Adriatic area, the Island of Vis shows a much smaller component of tectonic subsidence.