纤维素接枝丙烯酰胺/高岭土高吸水性复合材料研究

在高岭土的存在下，以N，N－亚甲基双丙烯酰胺作交联剂，以硝酸铈铵为引发剂微晶纤维素与丙烯酰胺进行接枝共聚反应，合成接枝纤维素／高岭土高吸水性复合材料。研究了纤维素与单体的配比、高岭土添加量、交联剂用量、引发剂用量及反应温度对吸水率的影响。用红外光谱表征复合材料的结构，用电子显微镜观察复合材料的表面与界面。结果表明，高岭土在接枝聚合物中能较好分散，复合材料吸水率达1166，对生理盐水溶液的吸水率达86。     

剥片高岭土的有机改性

用醋酸钾进行插层形成高岭土—醋酸钾复合体。通过X射线检测，高岭土层间距明显增大。将此复合体通过水洗，除去醋酸钾，高岭土即被剥片。剥片后高岭土粒径变小，但保持了高岭土的基本层状结构。用偶联剂对剥片后高岭土进行有机改性，形成高岭土有机复合物。“有效活化指数”的测定实验表明，利用此种方法制备的剥片高岭土有机改性效果很好。     

晋北晚古生代煤系高岭岩的特征及成因

晋北晚古生代煤系中的高岭岩，其主要类型和富集层是：（１）本溪组底部的铝土质高岭岩；（２）太原组夹矸高岭岩；（３）山西组夹矸高岭岩。根据不同层位高岭岩的岩石、矿物、地球化学特征的差异，分析了高岭岩可能的源岩性质，并探讨了其成因和形成的模式     

高岭土深加工产品开发

当前世界上煅烧高岭土产品已瞄准高档化、专用化、精细化和功能化，深加工系列产品已应用于高档汽车、船舶、乳胶、颜料、化工、造纸、涂料等方面。内蒙古自治区有丰富的高岭土资源，我们应依托优势资源，尽快掌握高新技术，开发高岭土系列产品，争取在较短的时间内在国内外激烈的市场竞争中立于不败之地，为自治区的经济繁荣起到积极的推动作用。     

龙岩高岭土矿床地质特征及成矿作用

福建龙岩高岭土矿床是蚀变花岗岩风化残余型矿床。花岗岩风化剖面具有明显的垂直分带性，各带有特征的粘土矿物组合、含量和化学组分。矿石矿物主要有高岭石、埃洛石、水白云母、石英及少量长石。高岭石的结晶有序度较低，粒度一般大于２μｍ。埃洛石粒度多小于２μｍ．龙岩高岭土矿石具有贫铁、钛和自然白度高的特征，属优质大型高岭土矿。其成矿作用经历了内生岩浆分异、热液蚀变和表生风化三大地质作用。     

煅烧高岭土的开发与应用

本文主要介绍了高岭土煅烧反应机理和煅烧过程中高岭土的结构变化以及煅烧高岭土在电缆、造纸、涂料、耐火材料及化学工业等领域的实际应用。     

Synthesis and characterization of zeolite X obtained from kaolin for adsorption of Zn（Ⅱ）

This study deals with the synthesis and characterization of low-silica zeolite X, from calcined Kalabsha kaolin, for adsorption of Zn(Ⅱ) ions from aqueous solution. The synthesis processes is performed under hydrothermal treatment in alkaline solutions. The obtained zeolite samples are characterized using X-ray diffraction, grain size distribution, surface area, and SEM. The critical molar ratios of both SiO2/Al2O3 and K2O/Na2O are about 2.9 and 0.16, respectively. Those ratios are needed to give individual low silica zeolite X in a minimum reaction time. The adsorption capacity of the synthesized products is determined by adsorption of Zn(Ⅱ) ions from solution. The results suggest that the zeolite obtained could be converted to a beneficial product, which will be used in future as an ion exchanger in removing heavy metals from wastewaters.     

盐分对黏性土的沉积特性与表面电位影响研究

为了明晰黏土矿物和盐分浓度在沉积过程中所起的作用及物理机制,选取高岭土、膨润土及两者组成的混合土进行粒径分析试验、沉积试验和Zeta电位测试。结果显示,盐分环境下高岭土和膨润土的平均粒径增大,部分黏粒组向粉粒组转化。高岭土在蒸馏水环境下和盐水环境下,最终都形成土-水的稳定分界面,但是絮凝稳定时间在盐分环境下更短。膨润土在蒸馏水环境下处于稳定的分散体系中,在盐水环境下迅速絮凝沉积。混合土在蒸馏水环境下,上部澄清层和下部沉淀层之间存在土颗粒的悬浮层,且该层的高度最终稳定;盐水环境下,混合土则迅速的发生土水分离。随着NaCl浓度增加,膨润土和高岭土的Zeta电位绝对值降低,因此胶粒组的絮凝行为对平均粒径产生影响,进而影响其沉积特性。     

论高岭石粘土和铝土矿研究的新进展

过去我国地质界向前苏联学习,把球粘土(Ballclay)作为高岭土或耐火粘土的一个变种,使我们找矿走入误区,以致后来从美国进口球粘土。其实球粘土的结晶性质这个内在因素与高岭土或耐火粘土常不相同,则派生的性能更不一样,应成为独立的矿种,还可与国际接轨。又过去国内外学者认为高岭石高度有序为热液型的,而沉积型的为无序高岭石。但笔者等的研究,我国高岭石高度有序而规模大且均匀稳定的,应算沉积型的紫矸(古生代高岭石软质粘土),可以作流动性好的造纸涂料。又我国硬水铝石岩溶铝土矿,应属于生物有机质成矿作用的沉积型铝土矿。     

Investigation of OMA formation and the effect of minerals

Oil-mineral-aggregates (OMA) have been shown to be effective in oil spills cleanup. Experimental work was carried out to study the effects of physical-chemical properties of natural minerals and chemically modified minerals on OMA formation and oil removal. The results showed that the hydrophobicity, particle sizes and specific surface of minerals played an important role in OMA formation. Appropriate hydrophobicity of minerals can enhance the formation of OMA. The surface property of minerals can also influence the shape of OMA. Spherical mineral-oil aggregates were frequently formed with hydrophilic minerals while irregular shaped OMA were observed with hydrophobic minerals. The sizes of OMA also increased when the minerals changed from hydrophilic to hydrophobic. The effects of dispersant and mixing energy were also carefully studied. The results showed that dispersant were a dominant factor. When dispersant was applied, effects of other factors became minimal.