湖南湘东钨矿区花岗岩地质地球化学特征及意义

通过对湖南湘东钨矿三类花岗岩系统的岩矿鉴定和探针分析,确定燕山早期花岗岩中的长石为碱性长石,钠长石An5,大多数样品An3;而印支期花岗岩的斜长石An=10~15,为更长石。因此,确定邓阜仙复式岩体的岩性,分别为印支期的粗粒斑状黑云母二长花岗岩、燕山早期的中粒斑状白云母碱长花岗岩和细粒碱长花岗岩。系统的常量、微量元素地球化学研究也显示出燕山早期岩浆作用明显不同于印支期花岗岩,具有富硅、偏铝、富钙碱等特点,燕山早期花岗岩为碱长花岗岩,和南岭地区与脉型钨矿有关碱长花岗岩一致。成矿与燕山早期花岗岩浆活动有关。     

湖南东南部湘东钨矿区老山坳断层性质的厘定及其对找矿的启示

老山坳断层是湖南东南部湘东钨矿区的主干断层,目前有关其活动时代、性质和位移量的认识还存在分歧。断层带内及附近的宏观构造变形观察、断层两盘矿脉成分、结构构造和围岩变形的比较、岩石蚀变的类型和空间分布特征等都表明该断层具有正断性质,形成于成矿之后。鉴于下盘北组脉与上盘南南组脉具有平行脉壁、黑白相间的条带结构,认为它们在老山坳断层形成前应该属于同一组脉,进而推断出该断层的水平断距达1.5~2.0 km。无论单一脉或连接脉,矿脉的平均宽长比都大于1.0×10–2,远高于前人在露头上测量得到的石英脉宽长比,意味着脉体宽长比与观察的脉体尺度有关。在上述分析的基础上,提出新的找矿思路:在断层下盘北组脉的北边寻找与中组脉和南组脉对应的矿脉,而在断层上盘南南组脉的深部寻找北组脉。     

湘东茶陵地区老山坳剪切带特征及其与湘东钨矿的关系

湘东茶陵地区老山坳剪切带及其与湘东钨矿的关系是长期以来备受关注且颇具争议的问题。其争议主要表现为:(1)老山坳剪切带(断层)的性质(逆断层、正断层,还是走滑断层)及其发育机理;(2)老山坳剪切带对湘东钨矿的成矿是促进作用还是破坏作用。本文对老山坳剪切带以及湘东钨矿进行了系统地观察和测量,采用宏观、微观构造研究和矿脉统计相结合的方法进行了综合分析。结果表明,老山坳剪切带的活动主要分为两期:早期主要表现为向SE方向的伸展拆离作用,且可能与晚侏罗世八团岩体侵位密切相关,形成了透入性的强烈脆、韧性变形,特别是在糜棱岩中,由于高压流体的作用造成了一系列同期节理(R和R’节理)发育,为石英脉型钨锡矿床的形成提供了条件;后期,大致在晚白垩世及之后老山坳剪切带表现为向NW方向的逆冲作用,致使上盘(主动盘)的钨锡矿脉被推至浅部。因此,我们认为晚侏罗世八团岩体的侵位作用与老山坳剪切带的伸展拆离作用共同控制了湘东钨矿的形成。韧性剪切带中,由于高压流体作用引起局部应变速率增加,同时降低岩石强度而发生脆性破裂(如T节理,R和R’节理),而且按照破裂准则发生和扩展,该过程为成矿元素析出成矿提供了条件,这可能是剪切带成矿的重要方式之一。     

The Late Jurassic extensional event in the central part of the South China Block – evidence from the Laoshan’ao shear zone and Xiangdong Tungsten deposit (Hunan,SE China)

ABSTRACT

The Late Mesozoic tectonics strongly reworked the tectonic framework of East Asia. In the South China Block (SCB), the major Late Mesozoic phenomena are featured by numerous magmatic activities, (half-) graben basins opening, and abundant ore deposits formation. The intrinsic relationships of these phenomena with the tectonic regime are still hotly debated, partly due to the lack of structural data. To advance the understanding of these issues, we conducted a detailed structural analysis including field and microscopic observations as well as an Anisotropy of Magnetic Susceptibility (AMS) investigation in the Laoshan’ao shear zone (LSA), which is the northern branch of the major Chaling–Chenzhou–Linwu Fault (CCLF) in the SCB. The new data enable us to reach the following conclusions: the evolution of the LSA can be divided into three deformation phases. D₁ is a NW–SE-stretching event featured by the SE-dipping normal fault with a top-to-the-SE shear sense, coeval with the emplacement of the 154 Ma Batuan syn-tectonic pluton that leads to the development of the Xiangdong tungsten deposit and the opening of the Cretaceous Chaling basin; D₂ is a NE–SW-striking dextral strike–slip event that dislocated the ore veins formed during the D₁ event; D₃ is a NW-directed thrusting event that cross-cut the previous gneissic foliation. D₁ is the major event of the LSA shear zone, interpreted as the reactivation of the CCLF in response to the Late Mesozoic tectonics in the SCB, and indicates a NW-SE extensional regime since the Late Jurassic in the study area. This study also provides an example for an ore-forming process controlled by both the hydrothermal fluid coming from a syn-tectonic granite and the accommodation of tension gashes opened by the regional extensional event.