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The Rhodiani ophiolites are represented by two tectonically superimposed ophiolitic units: the “lower” Ultramafic unit and the “upper” Volcanic unit, both bearing calcareous sedimentary covers. The Ultramafic unit consists of mantle harzburgites with dunite pods and chromitite ores, and represents the typical mantle section of supra-subduction zone (SSZ) settings. The Volcanic unit is represented by a sheeted dyke complex overlain by a pillow and massive lava sequence, both including basalts, basaltic andesites, andesites, and dacites. Chemically, the Volcanic unit displays low-Ti affinity typical of island arc tholeiite (IAT) ophiolitic series from SSZ settings, having, as most distinctive chemical features, low Ti/V ratios (< 20) and depletion in high field strength elements and light rare earth elements.The rare earth element and incompatible element composition of the more primitive basaltic andesites from the Rhodiani ophiolites can be successfully reproduced with about 15% non-modal fractional melting of depleted lherzolites, which are very common in the Hellenide ophiolites. The calculated residua correspond to the depleted harzburgites found in the Rhodiani and Othrys ophiolites. Both field and chemical evidence suggest that the whole sequence of the Rhodiani Volcanic unit (from basalt to dacite) originated by low-pressure fractional crystallization under partially open-system conditions. The modelling of mantle source, melt generation, and mantle residua carried out in this paper provides new constraints for the tectono-magmatic evolution of the Mirdita–Pindos oceanic basin. 相似文献
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40Ar/39Ar ages on the Hat Creek Basalt (HCB) and stratigraphically related lava flows show that latest Pleistocene tholeiitic basalt with very low K2O can be dated reliably. The HCB underlies ∼ 15 ka glacial gravel and overlies four andesite and basaltic andesite lava flows that yield 40Ar/39Ar ages of 38 ± 7 ka (Cinder Butte; 1.65% K2O), 46 ± 7 ka (Sugarloaf Peak; 1.85% K2O), 67 ± 4 ka (Little Potato Butte; 1.42% K2O) and 77 ± 11 ka (Potato Butte; 1.62% K2O). Given these firm age brackets, we then dated the HCB directly. One sample (0.19% K2O) clearly failed the criteria for plateau-age interpretation, but the inverse isochron age of 26 ± 6 ka is seductively appealing. A second sample (0.17% K2O) yielded concordant plateau, integrated (total fusion), and inverse isochron ages of 26 ± 18, 30 ± 20 and 24 ± 6 ka, all within the time bracket determined by stratigraphic relations; the inverse isochron age of 24 ± 6 ka is preferred. As with all isotopically determined ages, confidence in the results is significantly enhanced when additional constraints imposed by other isotopic ages within a stratigraphic context are taken into account. 相似文献
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Can crystallization of olivine tholeiite give rise to potassic rhyolites?—an experimental investigation 总被引:6,自引:0,他引:6
Matthew L. Whitaker Hanna Nekvasil Donald H. Lindsley Michael McCurry 《Bulletin of Volcanology》2008,70(3):417-434
Experiments were conducted to determine whether the rhyolites and basalts of the intraplate silica-saturated potassic suites
could be genetically related through crystallization. Extreme crystallization (96–97%) of a high-MgO (10.62 wt%) olivine tholeiite
from the Snake River Plain with an initial bulk water content of 0.4 wt% at a mid-crustal pressure of 4.3 kbar generated potassic
rhyolitic liquids similar in major element chemistry to those found in the Quaternary rhyolite domes of the Snake River Plain
and their plutonic equivalents in the Proterozoic Laramie Anorthosite Complex. Residual liquids comparable in composition
to the bulk rock compositions of intermediate rocks found at the Craters of the Moon and Cedar Butte eruptive centers in the
Snake River Plain are also generated along this crystallization path.
This paper constitutes part of a special issue dedicated to Bill Bonnichsen on the petrogenesis and volcanology of anorogenic
rhyolites. 相似文献
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苏鲁超高压变质带北缘古-新元古代浅变质基性岩的构造属性及其意义 总被引:1,自引:1,他引:0
苏鲁超高压变质带北缘发育的少量以浅变质基性杂岩为代表的非超高压变质岩片,为深入探讨造山带的大陆深俯冲作用及板块缝合线位置提供了重要的制约。1∶5万区域填图表明,浅变质基性杂岩分布于从家屯、胡家和海眼口等地,它们以石门-薛家庄韧性剪切带与超高压变质带分界。同位素测年结果指示,胡家斜长角闪岩时代为古元古代末(1790±27Ma、1853±15Ma),而从家屯斜长角闪岩时代为新元古代(797±11Ma、782±16Ma)。地球化学分析表明,从家屯和胡家斜长角闪岩的SiO_2、TiO_2、Fe_2OT_3和MgO含量分别为47. 20%~52. 60%、0. 98%~3. 30%、9. 31%~16. 78%和3. 76%~7. 13%,为拉斑玄武岩成分。岩石的稀土总量介于45. 8×10~(-6)~289. 0×10~(-6)之间,LREE/HREE=1. 29~11. 6,(La/Yb)_N=0. 45~17. 3,稀土配分曲线较平坦,无铕异常(δEu=0. 75~1. 37)。微量元素相对富集Ba、Rb和Sr,亏损Zr、Hf、Th和Nb。从家屯斜长角闪岩的地球化学特征与E型洋中脊玄武岩相似,而胡家斜长角闪岩则具有洋岛玄武岩特点。综合分析认为,从家屯和胡家斜长角闪岩分别与扬子板块和华北板块具有构造亲缘性,在三叠纪扬子板块向华北板块俯冲碰撞过程中,这些不同大地构造位置和性质的基性岩被刮削叠置于板块缝合线附近,构成了大陆板块俯冲的加积杂岩。同时认为,分布在超高压变质带与非超高压变质岩片之间的石门-薛家庄韧性剪切带为一条重要的板块缝合线。 相似文献
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Laura Schaefer 《Icarus》2004,169(1):216-241
We modified the MAGMA chemical equilibrium code developed by Fegley and Cameron (1987, Earth Planet. Sci. Lett. 82, 207-222) and used it to model vaporization of high temperature silicate lavas on Io. The MAGMA code computes chemical equilibria in a melt, between melt and its equilibrium vapor, and in the gas phase. The good agreement of MAGMA code results with experimental data and with other computer codes is demonstrated. The temperature-dependent pressure and composition of vapor in equilibrium with lava is calculated from 1700 to 2400 K for 109 different silicate lavas in the ONaKFeSiMgCaAlTi system. Results for five lavas (tholeiitic basalt, alkali basalt, Barberton komatiite, dunite, and a molten type B1 Ca, Al-rich inclusion) are discussed in detail. The effects of continuous fractional vaporization on chemistry of these lavas and their equilibrium vapor are presented. The predicted abundances (relative to Na) of K, Fe, Si, Al, Ca, and Ti in the vapor equilibrated with lavas at 1900 K are lower than published upper limits for Io's atmosphere (which do not include Mg). We predict evaporative loss of alkalis, Fe, and Si during volcanic eruptions. Sodium is more volatile than K, and the Na/K ratio in the gas is decreased by fractional vaporization. This process can match Io's atmospheric Na/K ratio of 10±3 reported by Brown (2001, Icarus 151, 190-195). Silicon monoxide is an abundant species in the vapor above lavas. Spectroscopic searches are recommended for SiO at IR and mm wavelengths. Reactions of metallic vapors with S- and Cl-bearing volcanic gases may form other unusual gases including MgCl2, MgS, MgCl, FeCl2, FeS, FeCl, and SiS. 相似文献
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Early arc volcanism during Eocene to Oligocene in the Izu forearc region was investigated during ODP Legs 125 and 126 in 1989,
and effusive and intrusive volcanics were recovered from Leg 125 Site 786. These rocks were all classified into boninites
and associated rocks by Leg 125 Shipboard Scientific Party, and they concluded that boninitic volcanism had occurred before
40 Ma, and arc tholeiitic volcanism began after 40 Ma. In this study, lava flows and breccias that classified into boninite
series are divided into two groups, tholeiite and boninite, based on petrographical and petrological properties. Both series
are also distinguished by bulk rock composition. It is considered that the sources of both rock types have similar depleted
compositions because of their similar, very low bulk HFSE concentrations. We suggest that boninitic and tholeiitic volcanism
occurred closely in time and space, and reflected different temperature and water condition. 相似文献