安徽董岭花岗岩类的构造特征及侵位机制

安徽怀宁董岭花岗岩类底辟滑覆构造体系是长江中下游地域独特的构造形式。花岗岩底辟构造是在中生代华北地块与扬子地块碰撞背景下通过气球膨胀机制侵位至盖层内(燕山期),形成了围绕董岭几何中心的环状或半环状接触变质和韧性变形岩块。该花岗岩类其内部变形明显,岩相分带、分期清晰,围岩顶盖保存完好,围岩变质均匀,变形强烈,滑覆断层发育,糜棱岩典型等为特征,是一个罕见的盖层中花岗岩类底辟构造。后期在其北侧和东侧被月山—白子山冲断岩块所超覆。     

松潘-甘孜地体内花岗岩锆石SHRIMP U-Pb定年及其构造意义

松潘-甘孜地体总体上是一个三角状褶皱带,其北侧、东南侧及东侧分别与东昆仑-西秦岭构造带、金沙江构造带及龙门山构造带相邻。地体内几乎全部被三叠系浊积岩所覆盖,其中侵位了很多花岗岩体。显然,这些花岗岩的岩浆特征、来源与侵位时代,对研究松潘-甘孜地体基底性质、构造演化等问题具有重要意义。本文报道利用SHRIMP定年技术对一些花岗岩岩体锆石所进行的精确测年数据。测试结果表明:(1)松潘-甘孜地体内的花岗岩体主要形成于晚三叠世,但岩浆活动可延续到早侏罗世晚期;(2)早期花岗岩浆活动与三叠纪系褶皱变形大致同期,指示这一时期的花岗岩浆的形成可能与三叠系下部大型拆离滑脱构造相关;(3)花岗岩结晶锆石普遍具有浑圆状或不规则状较老的继承锆石核,这些核部继承锆石可能代表花岗岩浆在上升过程中从不同地层内捕获的碎屑锆石,或者是下地壳岩石深熔残留锆石。根据SHRING U-Pb定年,这些继承锆石的年龄分别为二叠纪、加里东期、晚元古代和早元古代。元古代碎屑锆石的存在也可能指示松潘-甘孜地体具前寒武系基底。     

北京怀柔长园花岗杂岩体岩石学和构造变形特征及其地质意义

本文描述北京北部燕山地区怀柔长园杂岩体及围岩构造变形迹象 ,并对其成因进行了初步分析。认为中、晚侏罗世时期构造应力场的变化是杂岩体内岩石构造变形的主要因素 ,并以此为根据为该地区燕山期构造 岩浆事件序列的建立提供部分证据。     

Methane-rich fluid inclusions in skarn near the giant REE–Nb–Fe deposit at Bayan Obo, Northern China

We report fluid inclusion data for skarn, formed at the contact between Hercynian granitoids and dolomite of the Proterozoic Bayan Obo Group, in the vicinity of Bayan Obo REE–Nb–Fe deposit, Inner Mongolia, China. Three types of fluid inclusions are identified: two-phase CH₄-rich, three-phase liquid–vapour–solid and two-phase aqueous inclusions. Using microthermometry and laser Raman microprobe analysis to calculate isochores for CH₄-bearing inclusions, we estimate fluid trapping conditions at T=280 to 344 °C and P<1 to 2.3 kbar. Such conditions are compatible with formation of CH₄ inclusions as a result of reaction between graphite in the country rocks (black slate sequence) and fluids derived from magma. The lack of carbonaceous material in the inclusions supports the hypothesis that CH₄ was generated during fluid migration rather than by in situ reaction. In contrast to the skarn, and despite the fact that similar graphite-bearing slates are found in the host rocks, no CH₄-bearing inclusions have been so far reported from Bayan Obo REE ores. We therefore conclude that the skarn-forming fluids in the contact aureole of the Hercynian granitoids were not involved at any stage in the formation of the Bayan Obo deposit.     

Granitoid emplacement by multiple sheeting during Variscan dextral transpression: The Saint-Laurent – La Jonquera pluton (Eastern Pyrenees)

The structural study of the Saint-Laurent – La Jonquera pluton (Eastern Pyrenees), a Variscan composite laccolithic intrusion emplaced in metasedimentary and gneissic rocks of the Roc de Frausa dome, by means of the anisotropy of magnetic susceptibility (AMS) technique has allowed the determination of the nature and orientation of its magmatic fabrics. The magmatic foliation has a predominant NE–SW strike and the mean lineation is also NE–SW trending with a shallow plunge. A strain gradient is measured so that the tonalites to granodiorites that form the basal parts of the pluton, and are intruded into amphibolite-facies metamorphic rocks, recorded the highest anisotropies, whereas the monzogranites and leucogranites, emplaced into upper crustal, low-grade metamorphic rocks, are weakly deformed. These results point to the synkinematic sequential emplacement of multiple granitoid sheets, from less to more differentiated magmatic stages, during the Late Carboniferous D₂ event characterized by an E–W-trending dextral transpression. The magmatic foliation appears locally disturbed by the effects of two tectonic events. The first of them (D₃) produced mylonitization of granitoids along NW–SE retrograding shear zones and open folds in the host Ediacaran metasediments of the Roc de Frausa massif, likely during late Variscan times. Interference between D₂ and D₃ structures was responsible for the dome geometry of the whole Roc de Frausa massif. The second and last perturbation consisted of local southward tilting of the granitoids coupled to the Mesozoic–Cenozoic cover during the Alpine.     

东秦岭与华南加里东褶皱带原地—准原地改造型花岗岩特征

东秦岭与华南加里东褶皱带具有不同的岩石建造特征,两褶皱带的改造型花岗岩类之间也存在着明显不同的化学成分特征。研究表明源岩在很大程度上决定了改造型花岗岩的特征。     

东秦岭灰池子花岗岩基岩石地球化学特征及其成因

灰池子花岗岩基主要由黑云斜长混合花岗岩和二长混合花岗岩组成。前者是加里东期的交代花岗岩;后者是在海西晚期钾交代作用再次改造先期岩石形成的。因此是一个由多次交代作用形成的混合花岗岩岩基。本文从构造地球化学的某些观点讨论这种岩石形成过程中钾元素迁移机制。     

宜溧地区花岗岩类岩石谱系单位的划分

宜溧地区中生代侵入体经地面调查和对比分析,依据花岗岩类岩石谱系单位划分原则,可划分为2个超单元(序列)、7个单元以及1个独立侵入体和2类脉岩.戴埠序列岩石化学特征为钙碱质,平桥序列为弱碱质,反映两个序列岩浆有着明显的差异,组合变异图进一步表明两序列的岩浆演化机理不同,是不连续和彼此独立存在.戴埠序列为轻稀土富集型,平桥序列属于重稀土富集型,应归属A型花岗岩系列.     

滇西腾冲新生代花岗岩：成因类型与构造意义

滇西腾冲地区位于喜马拉雅造山带东构造结的东南弧形构造带内,发育的新生代花岗岩,记录了大量印度-亚洲大陆碰撞的时间信息和东部碰撞带区域构造演化及大陆动力学信息.本区新生代花岗岩可划分出二长花岗岩、正长花岗岩、白云母花岗岩和白云母钠长花岗岩等四种主要岩相类型.最早期侵位的二长花岗岩和白云母花岗岩,^40Ar/^39Ar年龄为66～58Ma,大规模侵位的正长花岗岩和二长花岗岩,同位素年龄集中在两个时段,即54～52Ma和43～41Ma.二长花岗岩和正长花岗岩ASI（铝饱和指数）接近于1,属偏铝到过铝之间的高钾钙碱性花岗岩,白云母（钠长）花岗岩ASI变化于1.02～2.63,属过铝到强过铝花岗岩;这些花岗岩的K2O/Na2O＞1,且K2O/Na2O比值和SiO2含量依次增加;微量元素含量前者具相对高Sr、Ba而低Rb,后者具明显的高Rb和异常的低Sr、Ba,其中,白云母花岗岩以异常高Y为特征,白云母钠长花岗岩以异常高Rb为标志;稀土元素前者REE配分型式具有右倾的LREE富集型,负Eu异常明显,后者具有“燕式”REE配分型式,暗示不同类型之间有着不尽相同的岩浆源岩或熔融机制.这些新生代花岗岩的岩浆序列和岩石组合揭示,青藏高原东部地区碰撞造山经历了复杂的演化历程：（1）印度大陆与亚洲大陆于66～59Ma发生对接并强烈碰撞,导致地壳大幅度加厚和地壳深融;（2）经过大约5Ma的应力调整,于54～52Ma发生碰撞高峰期后的短暂张弛和正长花岗岩浅成侵位;（3）于43～41Ma,张弛加剧,地壳伸展,伴随着二长花岗岩和正长花岗岩的形成发育.     

Zircon U-Pb geochronology and geochemistry of Late Devonian–Carboniferous granitoids in NW Iran: implications for the opening of Paleo-Tethys

ABSTRACT

We present zircon U-Pb crystallization ages combined with bulk rock major and trace element geochemistry and Sr-Nd-Pb and zircon in-situ Hf isotopic compositions of the Amand and Moro granitoid intrusions in northwest Iran. The Amand and Moro plutons include granite and syeno-diorite with LA-ICP-MS U-Pb zircon ages of 367 ± 6.8 Ma and 351 ± 1.3 Ma, respectively, representative of Late Devonian-Early Carboniferous magmatic activity in NW Iran. Geochemical characteristics such as typical enrichments in alkalis, Nb, Zr, Ga and Y, depletion in P and Sr and fractionated REE patterns with high Ga/Al ratios and Eu negative anomalies are consistent with A-type magmatic signatures. The granitoids are classified as A₂-type and within-plate granitoids. The bulk rock geochemistry (enrichments in Th, Nb and, high Th/Yb, Zr/Y ratios) along with low variation of ¹⁴³Nd/¹⁴⁴Nd_(i) and ⁸⁷Sr/⁸⁶Sr_(i) ratios and positive zircon εHf_(t) support the role of a mantle plume component for the evolution of the Amand and Moro A-type granitoids in an extensional tectonic environment. In fitting with wider regional knowledge, this magmatism occurred during Paleo-Tethys opening in northern Gondwana.