The Wuchiapingian–Changhsingian boundary (Upper Permian) at Meishan of Changxing County, South China

Section D at Meishan, Changxing County in the Zhejiang Province, China, has been extensively studied in various aspects of the stratigraphy during the past 20 years. It was ratified by the International Union of Geological Sciences (IUGS) as the Global Standard Stratotype Section and Point (GSSP) for the Permian–Triassic boundary in 2000, and is also a potential stratotype for the Wuchiapingian–Changhsingian boundary. However, the contact relationship between the Longtan (Wuchiapingian) and Changxing (Chainghsingian) formations has been a controversial subject for years. Recent studies on Section C, about 300 m west of Section D, at Meishan confirm a complete depositional succession around the boundary and suggest that the proposed boundary level, the FAD of Clarkina wangi within the lineage from C. longicuspidata to C. wangi, is consistent with the first appearance of the index Changhsingian fusulinid Palaeofusulina sinensis and tapashanitid ammonoids.     

四川广元上寺剖面长兴阶放射虫动物群演变及控制因素

对四川广元上寺剖面大隆组的放射虫动物群进行了详细的鉴定和丰度、分异度的统计。发现该放射虫动物群丰度和分异度均较低,以泡沫虫和内射虫为主,含少量十字多囊虫的分子;其丰度和分异度与长兴期海平面变化具有很好的耦合关系:放射虫丰度、分异度较大的层位对应于长兴早期和长兴晚期两次最大海侵事件发生的层位。相对长兴晚期而言,长兴早期放射虫的丰度和分异度较大,这与长兴早期水体相对较深有关。此外,有孔虫与放射虫丰度变化呈现很好的负相关性,这与它们不同的生活习性和水深的变化有关。分析表明:水深的变化是上寺剖面放射虫动物群演变的主要控制因素。     

Lopingian (Late Permian) foraminiferal faunal succession of a Paleo-Tethyan mid-oceanic carbonate buildup: Shifodong Formation in the Changning–Menglian Belt, West Yunnan, Southwest China

This paper deals with a Lopingian (Late Permian) foraminiferal faunal succession of the Shifodong Formation in the Changning–Menglian Belt, West Yunnan, Southwest China, which has been geologically interpreted as one of the closed remnants in East Asia of the Paleo‐Tethys Ocean. The Shifodong Formation is the uppermost stratigraphic unit in thick Carboniferous–Permian carbonates of the belt. These carbonates rest upon bases consisting of oceanic island basalt and are widely accepted as having a Paleo‐Tethyan mid‐oceanic (seamount‐ or oceanic plateau‐top) origin. Sixteen taxa of fusuline foraminifers and 37 taxa of smaller (non‐fusuline) foraminifers are recognized from the type section of the Shifodong Formation located in the Gengma area of the northern part of the Changning–Menglian Belt. Based on their stratigraphic distribution, three fusuline zones can be established in this section: they are, in ascending order, the Codonofusiella cf. C. kwangsiana Zone, Palaeofusulina minima Zone, and Palaeofusulina sinensis Zone. These three biozones are respectively referable to the Wuchiapingian, early Changhsingian, and late Changhsingian, of which the Wuchiapingian is first recognized in this study in the Changning–Menglian mid‐oceanic carbonates. The present study clearly demonstrates that the foraminiferal fauna in a Paleo‐Tethyan pelagic shallow‐marine environment still maintained high faunal diversity throughout the almost entire Lopingian, although the very latest Permian fauna in the upper part of the Palaeofusulina sinensis Zone of the Shifodong section records a sudden decrease in both faunal diversity and abundance. Moreover, the Shifodong faunas are comparable in diversity with those observed in circum‐Tethyan shelves such as South China. The present Paleo‐Tethyan mid‐oceanic foraminiferal faunas are definitely more diversified than coeval mid‐oceanic Panthalassan faunas, which are typically represented by those from the Kamura Limestone in a Jurassic accretionary complex of Southwest Japan. It is suggestive that the Paleo‐Tethyan mid‐oceanic buildups presumably supplied a peculiarly hospitable habitat for foraminiferal faunal development in a pelagic paleo‐equatorial condition.     

重庆北碚长兴期腕足动物群落的划分及其地层意义

重庆北碚地区晚二叠世长兴期地层出露良好,剖面位于北碚代家沟东北部,经过详细调查研究,在厚度为110.5m的长兴组石灰岩地层中发现有丰富的腕足动物,共有28属46种。按照识别与划分化石群落的5个基本条件,本区长兴期腕足动物可以划分为3个化石群落,本区长兴期生态地层建立3个化石群落带,自上而下为:Uncinunellina-Peltichia带、Haydenella-Perigeyerella带、Oldhamina-Meekella带。从而将本区长兴期地层三分。     

华南二叠系长兴阶灰岩的碳同位素地层对比

以浙江长兴煤山长兴阶层型剖面、江西上高七宝山剖面、陕西汉中梁山剖面为代表的华南长兴阶碳酸盐岩碳同位素地层,清楚地显示出长兴阶顶、底为碳同位素低值区,其中Ｐ－Ｔ界线附近的碳同位素出现强烈负异常事件。在长兴阶内部两次碳同位素低值异常区,将长兴阶碳同位素演化曲线由下至上明显分为３个旋回,其中长兴阶顶,也即Ｐ－Ｔ界线,碳同位素强烈负异常与生物绝灭事件有关,时间短,变化幅度大,是全球界线对比的重要标志。而其它碳同位素负漂移和由此构成的３个旋回,在华南可以追踪对比。上旋回与长兴阶上段煤山段相当;而中、下旋回则与下段葆青段相当,并将其两分。碳同位素地层对比表明江西上高地区长兴组的中、上部可能属长兴阶,而下部厚约９０ｍ的含Ｇａｌｏｗａｙｉｎｅｌａ灰岩可能属吴家坪晚期。     

华南二叠系长兴阶层型剖面碳酸盐岩的碳氧同位素地层

华南长兴阶层型剖面４０多米厚的地层主要由泥晶灰岩组成,从中系统采集了１５９个碳酸盐岩样品进行碳氧同位素地层学研究,清楚地识别出同位素的变化规律,划分出８个序列和３个旋回。３个碳氧同位素地层旋回由上至下为：长兴早期的Ｐａｌａｅｏｆｕｓｕｌｉｎａｍｉｎｉｍａ旋回,长兴中期的Ｃｒｕ－ｒｉｔｈｙｒｉｓ－Ｇｅｉｎｉｔｚｉｎａ－Ｃｌａｒｋｉｎａｓｕｂｃａｒｉｎａｔａ旋回,长兴晚期的Ｐａｌａｅｏｆｕｓｕｌｉｎａｓｉｎｅｎｓｉｓ旋回。碳酸盐岩碳同位素的异常变化与有机碳的贮藏和氧化相关,而这些变化可能具同时性,记录于整个古华南海水中,从而成为地层对比的良好标志。长兴阶高分辨率碳氧同位素地层的建立,提高了地层的划分精度,为长兴阶进一步的精细地层对比提供了可能。     

Research on Ecostratigraphy of Changhsingian at Meishan Section D, Changxing, Zhejiang Province

On the basis of researches over several years on biostratigraphy of Changhsingian at Meishan Section D in Changxing County, the abundant materials were accumulated. This paper studies the escostratigraphy and establishes 7 community zones (CZ), in ascending order, Sinoplatysomus-Gernitzina-Clarkina subcarinata, Tapashanites-Nodosaria-Clarkina subcarinata,Crurithyris-Geinitzina-Clarkina subcarinata,Glomospira-Clarkina changxingensis, Colaniella-Clarkina changxingensis,Rotodiscoceras-Palaeofusulina-Hindeodus typicalis,Clarkina meishanensis-Hypophiceras.The habitat type (HT) is diffent from upper shallow sea to the lower part of the lower shallow sea.     

二叠系长兴阶全球界线层型剖面和点位

二叠系乐平统长兴阶底界全球界线层型和点位(GSSP)确立在我国浙江长兴煤山D剖面长兴灰岩的下部、4a-2层之底,以牙形石演化序列Clarkina longicuspidata-C.wangi中C.wangi的首现为标志。该点位位于长兴组底界之上88cm处,与长兴期特征的■类化石Palaeofusulina sinensis和大巴山菊石类的首次出现层位一致。界线层的碳同位素存在明显的负漂移,正磁极性带出现在吴家坪晚期的反极性带之上。在煤山D剖面以西300m处的C剖面出露较多的龙潭组地层,清晰地反映出龙潭组—长兴组连续的沉积序列,被列为辅助层型剖面。     

城口-鄂西海槽西侧晚二叠世碳酸盐台地边缘发育新认识

基于城口-鄂西海槽西侧地区详细的露头调查、钻井资料分析,结合古生物、古生态以及地层对比,对研究区晚二叠世长兴期碳酸盐台地边缘沉积相及其演化进行详细解剖,得出区内台地边缘骨架礁-凝块石灰泥丘生态-沉积演化对碳酸盐台地边缘构筑具有积极作用的认识。研究表明区内长兴期碳酸盐台地边缘礁滩经历了三个演化阶段:第一阶段,碳酸盐台地边缘坡折带尚未形成,台地边缘礁滩欠发育,且台地前缘斜坡坡度较缓;第二阶段,碳酸盐台地镶边开始形成,发育骨架礁及滩相沉积,垂向上构成进积-加积组合序列,台地前缘斜坡变陡;第三阶段,微生物逐渐占据后生造礁生物生态空间,发育台地边缘凝块石灰泥丘,与上覆台地边缘滩构成垂向加积组合序列,促进了台地边缘正向地貌的发育,使区内台地边缘更加陡峭,台地前缘斜坡发育滑塌角砾岩。造礁生物生态演替及相对海平面变化共同影响并控制长兴期碳酸盐台地边缘构筑过程。     

Reservoir Quality Assessment of the Upper Permian Chhidru Formation,Salt and Surghar Ranges,Pakistan

The Late Permian succession of the Upper Indus Basin in northeastern Pakistan is represented by the carbonate-dominated Zaluch Group, which consists of the Amb, Wargal and Chhidru formations, which accumulated on the southwestern shelf of the Paleo-Tethys Ocean, north of the hydrocarbon-producing Permian strata of the Arabian Peninsula. The reservoir properties of the mixed clastic-carbonate Chhidru Formation (CFm) are evaluated based on petrography, using scanning electron microscopy (SEM), energy dispersive x-ray spectroscopy (EDX) and x-ray diffraction (XRD) techniques. The diagenetic features are recognized, ranging from marine (isopachous fibrous calcite, micrite), through meteoric (blocky calcite-I, neomorphism and dissolution) to burial (poikilotopic cement, blocky calcite-II-III, fractures, fracture-filling, and stylolites). Major porosity types include fracture and moldic, while inter- and intra-particle porosities also exist. Observed visual porosity ranges from 1.5%–7.14% with an average of 5.15%. The sandstone facies (CMF-4) has the highest average porosity of 10.7%, whereas the siliciclastic grainstone microfacies (CMF-3) shows an average porosity of 5.3%. The siliciclastic mudstone microfacies (CMF-1) and siliciclastic wacke-packestone microfacies (CMF-2) show the lowest porosities of 4.8% and 5.0%, respectively. Diagenetic processes like cementation, neomorphism, stylolitization and compaction have reduced the primary porosities; however, processes of dissolution and fracturing have produced secondary porosity. On average, the CFm in the Nammal Gorge, Salt Range shows promise and at Gula Khel Gorge, Trans-Indus, the lowest porosity.