挪威散记

一 王宫之行。1984年8月23日，自法兰克福起飞后一个多小时，从云层缝隙当中就开始看到灰蓝色的北海了。随后，斯堪的纳维亚半岛蜿蜒不绝的海岸线逐渐显露出来，直扑眼帘的，是广漠无垠的原始森林，郁郁葱葱地覆盖着大部分地面。     

中国的北冰洋情缘

在世界聚焦于地球最后一块净土——南极之时,北冰洋仿佛离开了人们的视线。事实上,北冰洋与中国一直有着不解之缘……中国人第一次在地图上看到北冰洋,是在坤舆万国全图上。这份由万历年间意大利传教士利玛窦向明神宗朱翊钧献上     

英国广播公司因拍摄北极熊受罚

英国广播公司(BBC)的节目主持人布坎南前不久在高强度玻璃箱中度过了惊心动魄的40分钟,因为一只2米多高的北极熊一直试图弄坏箱子进入其中。随后《北极熊家庭和我》节目播放了主持人遭北极熊袭击的视频。然而,拍摄所在地挪威的斯瓦尔巴特群岛政府却对此举不满,指责节目制作人,并要求罚款     

挪威山地冰川上雪和粒雪中δ18O的解释及对区域气候的指示意义

Variations of δ18O in the snow which accumulates at a Nordic temperate glacier during the win-ter are not entirely eliminated after a few months of ablation in the following summer. Survive of isotopicsignals closely relates to the re-freezing capacity of snow accumulated in winter when its temperature wasbelow 0 ℃. The melt-water re-freezing ice layers formed in winter hindered subsequent melt-water percolation in summer when snow temperature was at melting point and, therefore, varied isotopic record wasreserved between these ice layers. The isotopic record in snow pack can provide an estimate of the ap-proximate trend of the most recent winter season temperatures. The relationship between regional tem-perature changes and δ18O values in the snow pack is affected by many natural factors, but 1989-1990 (aglacier balance year) winter air temperatures were reflected in the snow which remained on the glacierAustre Okstindbreen at an altitude of 1 350 m in July 1990. There was larger amplitude of variations ofδ18O values in the 4. 1 m of snow above the 1989 summer surface, but variations in the underlying firnwere relatively small. Melt water percolation modifies the initial variations of δ18O values in the snowpack. At a site below the mean equilibrium line altitude on Austre Okstindbreen, increased isotopic bom-ogenization within a ten-day period in July accompanied an increase of the mean δ18O value. Although theisotopic record at a temperate glacier is likely to be influenced by more factors than is that at polar glac-iers, it can provide an estimate of the approximate trend of recent local temperature variations.     

俄罗斯-挪威北极石油区的地质演化

北极大陆架面积约2600×10^4km2，这片广阔的大陆架地区被分为若干盆地和潜在油气区。俄罗斯北极区内有两大地块，即东部地块和西部地块。这两大地块均形成于陆壳基底之上，被Gakkel扩张脊和邻近的深水拗陷隔歼，并于晚元古代、泥盆纪、晚二叠世-二叠纪和白垩纪-早第三纪的裂陷作用阶段被多次改造。西部地块由巴伦支海一喀拉海陆架组成，且延伸至两拉普帖夫海；东部地块则由拉普贴夫海东部、东西伯利亚和Chukcha盆地所组成。     

Structure and evolution of the continental margin off Norway and the Barents Sea

The Norwegian Margin formed in response to early Cenozoic continental breakup and subsequent opening of the Norwegian-Greenland Sea. There is a welldefined margin segmentation and the various segments are characterized by distinct crustal properties, structural and magmatic styles, and post-opening history of vertical motions. The sedimentary basins at the conjugate continental margins off Norway and Greenland and in the western Barents Sea developed as a result of a series of post-Caledonian rift episodes until early Cenozoic time, when complete continental separation took place.     

挪威提出深层油气勘探黄金地带理论

挪威斯塔万格大学科技学院前院长佩尔·阿内尔·比约库姆和挪威国家石油公司两位研究员经过10年研究，最近提出了油气勘探黄金地带理论，并经过了全球12万个已知油气田数据的验证。     

http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S167498711400067X

The Proterozoic Bamble Sector, South Norway, is one of the world＇s classic amphiboliteto granulite- facies transition zones. It is characterized by a well-developed isograd sequence, with isolated ＇granulite-facies islands＇ in the amphibolite-facies portion of the transition zone. The area is notable for the discovery of C02-dominated fluid inclusions in the granolite-facies rocks by Jacques Touter in the late 1960＇s, which triggered discussion of the role of carbonic fluids during granulite genesis. The aim of this review is to provide an overview of the current state of knowledge of the Bamble Sector, with an emphasis on the Arendal-Froland-Nelaug-Tvedestrand area and off shore islands （most prominantly Tromay and Hisoy） where the transition zone is best developed. After a brief overview of the history of geological research and mining in the area, aspects of sedimentary, metamorphic and magmatic petrology of the Bamble Sector are discussed, including the role of fluids. Issues relevant to current geotectonic models for SW Scandinavia, directly related to the Bamble Sector, are discussed at the end of the review.