南海神狐海域沉积物自生黄铁矿和石膏S同位素特征及对甲烷渗漏强度的示踪

The northern slope of the South China Sea is a gas-hydrate-bearing region related to a high deposition rate of organic-rich sediments co-occurring with intense methanogenesis in subseafloor environments.Anaerobic oxidation of methane(AOM) coupled with bacterial sulfate reduction results in the precipitation of solid phase minerals in seepage sediment,including pyrite and gypsum.Abundant aggregates of pyrites and gypsums are observed between the depth of 667 and 850 cm below the seafloor(cmbsf) in the entire core sediment of HS328 from the northern South China Sea.Most pyrites are tubes consisting of framboidal cores and outer crusts.Gypsum aggregates occur as rosettes and spheroids consisting of plates.Some of them grow over pyrite,indicating that gypsum precipitation postdates pyrite formation.The sulfur isotopic values(δ~(34) S) of pyrite vary greatly(from –46.6‰ to –12.3‰ V-CDT) and increase with depth.Thus,the pyrite in the shallow sediments resulted from organoclastic sulfate reduction(OSR) and is influenced by AOM with depth.The relative high abundance and δ~(34) S values of pyrite in sediments at depths from 580 to 810 cmbsf indicate that this interval is the location of a paleo-sulfate methane transition zone(SMTZ).The sulfur isotopic composition of gypsum(from–25‰ to –20.7‰) is much lower than that of the seawater sulfate,indicating the existence of a 34 S-depletion source of sulfur species that most likely are products of the oxidation of pyrites formed in OSR.Pyrite oxidation is controlled by ambient electron acceptors such as MnO_2,iron(Ⅲ) and oxygen driven by the SMTZ location shift to great depths.The δ~(34) S values of gypsum at greater depth are lower than those of the associated pyrite,revealing downward diffusion of 34 S-depleted sulfate from the mixture of oxidation of pyrite derived by OSR and the seawater sulfate.These sulfates also lead to an increase of calcium ions from the dissolution of calcium carbonate mineral,which will be favor to the formation of gypsum.Overall,the mineralogy and sulfur isotopic composition of the pyrite and gypsum suggest variable redox conditions caused by reduced seepage intensities,and the pyrite and gypsum can be a recorder of the intensity evolution of methane seepage.     

湖南省红土类型与红土型金矿找矿方向

湖南省风化残积红土按其原岩性质可分为花岗岩红土、喀斯特红土、碎屑岩红土、元古界红土和岩浆热液红土等5个类型。其中岩浆热液红土含金性最好,富集系数最大,元古界红土最差。湖南的地质构造格局产生了有利于风化作用的地形条件,多期强烈构造运动产生的多方向多序次的断裂带和频繁的岩浆活动造成的围岩蚀变,为红土型金矿的形成造就了良好的矿源体条件。湖南红土型金矿有着良好的找矿远景,岩浆热液型红土则是主要找矿方向。     

商州市石英脉型金矿地质特征及找矿方向研究

商州市金矿区位于北秦岭造山带与中秦岭造山带接合部的北秦岭南部边缘。该区含金石英脉型金矿均产于中元古界武关岩群控矿韧性剪切带之中。受左行剪切作用控制呈雁行状排列的单条含金石英脉中金矿构造透镜体规模小、品位低、间隔大而不利于机掘开采。同一条控矿韧性剪切带内发育走向相同，倾向相反，含金石英脉交汇部位矿体变厚，品位增高，因而是成矿有利地段。深大断裂附近出露的构造蚀变岩带有一定找矿潜力，建议加强基础地质研究，以发现构造蚀变岩型金矿体。     

超基性岩中含铜、钴块状硫化物矿床——德尔尼铜矿成因新认识

长期以来对德尔尼铜矿的成因存在着不同认识。从矿石组成和结构、构造来看,应属典型的块状硫化物矿石,矿床亦应属于含铜黄铁矿型矿床。但从其地质产状来看又与一般的黄铁矿型矿床大不相同,与一般的岩浆熔离铜镍硫化物矿床也有较多差异。这就是本矿床类型独特之处。近年来通过工作又取得一些新资料,特别是超基性岩和矿石的同位素年龄数据。本文在综合新老资料基础上,提出新看法,认为该矿床形成于上地幔,再就位于地壳浅部。其成因类型暂定为:“深部熔离—构造侵位矿床”。鉴于本矿床与一般块状硫化物矿床相比有其独特性,建议命名为“德尔尼型”。     

地壳不同时代构造单元黑色页岩层含金性的比较分析

碳质陆源火山岩层中常产有大型金矿床，目前对研究黑色页岩层的含金性给予很大的注意。本文研究了西伯利亚地台元古代盆地中金矿田碳质陆源岩石内金的分布和含铜的碳质陆源建造内岩石的金分布，还收集了地球上其他地区有关碳质生成物的本底含金性。在此基础上，发现具有不同矿化黑色页岩建造的地球化学差异，以及地壳不同构造单元内同类型碳质岩石中金含量的时代变异性。     

矿物的导电类型与矿物形成温度的关系

通过杂质对导电类型的影响的研究,得出了同种矿物的不同导电类型与矿物形成温度的规律:电子型(n型)导电矿物的形成温度大于电子与空穴混合型导电矿物的形成温度,又大于空穴型(p型)导电矿物的形成温度,绝缘体矿物的形成温度低于上述三种导电类型矿物。应用矿物热电图谱仪,天然金刚石半导体测试仪对闪锌矿、黄铁矿、金刚石等矿物的导电类型进行了测试,并探讨了导电类型成因,证实了上述规律的正确性。