Strong motion uncertainty determined from observed records by dense network in Japan

The variation of ground motions at specific stations from events in six narrow areas was inspected by using K-NET and KiK-net records. A source-area factor for individual observation stations was calculated by averaging ratios between observed values for horizontal peak acceleration and velocity, as well as acceleration response spectra for 5% damping, and predicted values using a ground-motion model (usually known as an attenuation relation) by Kanno et al. (Bull Seismol Soc Am, 96:879–897, 2006). Standard deviations between observed and predicted amplitudes after the correction factor are less than 0.2 on the logarithmic scale and decrease down to around 0.15 in the short-period range. Intra-event standard deviation clearly increases with decreasing distance due to differing paths around near source area. Standard deviations may increase with amplitude or decrease with magnitude; however, both amplitude and magnitude of the data are strongly correlated with distance. The standard deviation calculated in this study is obviously much smaller than that of the original ground-motion model, as epistemic uncertainties are minimized by grouping ground motions at specific stations. This result indicates that the accuracy of strong ground motion prediction could be improved if ground-motion models for specified region are determined individually. For this to be possible, it is necessary to have dense strong-motion networks in high-seismicity regions, such as K-NET and KiK-net.     

基于反演基岩地震波的场地调整系数估计

基于KiK-net台阵中73个台站的一维土层模型和从不同地震中筛选的262条地表加速度记录,按照峰值加速度的分档标准和场地分类原则,将这些记录分成了28组.采用一维土层地震反应分析的等效线性化方法,反演计算了基岩输入加速度.通过分别计算各组基于有效峰值加速度EPA的场地放大倍数,并得到了各类场地的有效峰值加速度的调整系...     

最大卓越周期估算震级方法的优化研究

震级估算是地震预警系统(EEWs)的核心任务。基于最大卓越周期参数(^p_max)的震级估算方法被广泛研究和应用,但^p_max计算细节被忽视,导致^p_max的震级估算效果存在较大的差异。为此,利用日本的大量井下强震记录,对^p_max计算涉及的滤波范围、滤波阶数和平滑系数的设置进行优化,提出了^p_max的优化计算方法,即滤波范围选用高通0.001 Hz,滤波阶数为1阶,平滑系数取0.95。利用日本和智利的初至3～6 s P波对比分析优化后的^p_max和优化前的^p_max以及_c的震级估算效果,结果表明:优化后的^p_max与震级的相关性和震级估算的误差均好于优化前的^p_max和_c。本文给出的^p_max优化计算方法,可以显著地改善^p_max在EEWs中的震级估算效果。     

场地地震动水平/竖向谱比与地表/基底谱比差异及修正水平/竖向谱比法研究

局部场地条件是决定场地地震动强度和频谱的重要因素，基于强震动和脉动记录的统计分析，获取表征场地条件影响的特征参数已成为确定工程场地设计地震动的较经济和实用方法，特别是对于大范围或难以开展现场勘测的工程场地。利用日本KiK-net台网强震动记录计算分析了台站场地地震动水平/竖向谱比（HVSR）与地表/基底谱比（SBSR）的差异，揭示SBSR/HVSR与HVSR呈对数线性分布的统计特征，并给出其定量关系，据此提出表征场地对地震动影响的修正水平/竖向谱比法。修正水平/竖向谱比法具有仅需地表观测记录的优势，并进一步考虑了场地竖向地震效应对水平/竖向谱比法精度的影响，更能合理地表征场地对地震动的影响。     

基于实际记录的现有等效线性化分析程序对比研究

根据我国建筑抗震设计规范中场地的分类原则,确定日本KiK-net中台站的场地类别。运用SHAKE2000和LSSRLI-1对不同类别场地的峰值加速度、反应谱、剪应变等进行计算,给出Ⅰ~Ⅳ类场地的计算结果,并将计算结果进行汇总后进行对比分析,得到不同场地条件下SHAKE2000和LSSRLI-1计算结果的差异以及计算结果与实测记录之间的差别。研究表明,土的动模量比、阻尼比的非线性以及场地类型对计算结果影响较大,Ⅰ、Ⅱ类场地中大多数情况下SHAKE2000和LSSRLI-1计算结果相差不大;Ⅲ、Ⅳ类场地中多数情况下SHAKE2000和LSSRLI-1计算结果相差不大。以实测记录为基准,SHAKE2000结果好于LSSRLI-1计算结果,特别是对于Ⅲ、Ⅳ类场地中,土体为强非线性工况而言,SHAKE2000结果要明显好于LSSRLI-1计算结果。初步分析表明,SHAKE2000与LSSRLI-1计算结果差异来自于计算剪应变的不同。