聚力“整体智治” 提升六大能力——德清县打造地质灾害防治新格局

德清县紧紧围绕“不死人、少伤人、少损失”的总目标,聚力“整体智治”,充分运用云计算、大数据、物联网、人工智能等现代科学技术,扎实推进地质灾害防御体系和智控能力建设,整体提升地质灾害综合防治水平,努力实现从单部门应对单一灾种向多部门联动应对灾害链转变,从人防为主向人防技防并重转变,从隐患点管理向风险防控转变,有效破解地质灾害治理难题,最大限度减少地质灾害给人民生命和财产造成损失,已连续14年实现了地质灾害“零伤亡”,为“平安德清”建设提供地质环境安全保障。     

一种基于复合表达模型的方向相似性算法

复合表达模型结合了锥形模型与方向关系矩阵模型的优点,较好地顾及了目标的形状、大小和距离对方向关系的影响,但该模型仅能对两目标之间的方向关系进行定性描述,对于两目标间的方向关系相似性尚未进行研究。本文在对复合表达模型的方向关系矩阵进行优化的基础上,建立一种基于复合表达模型的面目标方向关系相似性计算模型,将该模型的相似值计算转化为交通运输最小代价问题求解。通过认知实验验证了算法的科学性,同时比较实验说明该算法精确度更高。     

中国省域尺度17部门资本存量的时空特征分析

随着灾害强度、频率以及承灾体暴露的增加,自然灾害造成的损失日益严重。资本存量作为承灾体的经济暴露指标之一,是灾害损失评估的前提和基础。针对目前中国缺乏省域尺度长时间序列的经济部门分类的资本存量数据基础,论文通过永续盘存法,建立了2003—2015年中国大陆31省17部门的资本存量数据库,并分析其时空特征。结果显示：① 全国总资本存量与灾害直接损失的年际变化均呈增加趋势。省域尺度上,通过相关性分析显示,在99%置信度水平上,两者呈显著正相关(r=0.3)。② 时间上,各省17部门资本存量基本也呈增加趋势,但增速不同。在各部门增速最快的省份中,黑龙江省的居民服务、修理和其他服务业增速最快,增长约454.3倍;其次是青海省的租赁和商务服务业(398.3倍)、江苏省的金融业(295.1倍)、安徽省的科学研究和技术服务业(125.1倍)等。③ 空间上,2015年各省17部门资本存量最多的前4个部门分别是房地产业,工业,交通运输、仓储和邮政业,水利、环境和公共设施管理业,占比均在60%以上;且这4个部门资本存量暴露最多的省份是江苏省和广东省。该结果有助于从时空角度了解各省各部门资本存量暴露情况,为各省灾害风险管理者的防灾减灾工作提供重要的参考价值。     

PRELIMINARY STUDY ON THE FLOODING AND DROUGHT CLAMITY DURING PAST 1500 YEARS IN THE HAI′AN REGION，JIANGSU PROVINCE

Collection and arrangement of the historical records of climatic changes and environment evolution,espectial-lyin the aspect of calamities,are made on the history documents of past 1500 years about Haiˊan region,Jiangsu Province.There existed two obvious flooding-drought frequently-occurring periods:one was from 1550 AD to 1850 AD and another was 100 AD to 1200AD.The period of 1550 AD to1850 AD is interrupted by two relatively arid and cold climatic periods:one was from 1630 AD to 1700 AD and another was 1750 AD to 1820 AD.The main characteristic of the calamity periods is that they occurred by turns,and sometimes,both drought and flooding occurred in the same year.The instability of the climatic changes in the Little Ice Age may be the main reason of the frequently-occurring flooding and drought in Haiˊan region.Research results also show that the frequently-occurring periods of flooding and drought is in close relationship with the solar activity,and therefore,occurrence of the flooding and drought may be in relation with the intensity of the solar activity.This hypothesis may need further study in the future.     

西宁盆地泥石流类型及其防治意见

概略地叙述了西宁地区的泥石流形成条件和形成机理,并将西宁地区泥石流划分为稀性泥石流类及泥石质泥石流种类。在此基础上提出防治泥石流灾害的意见。     

DISASTER ANALYSIS AND COUNTERMEASURES OF LAND SUBSIDENCE CAUSED BY COAL CUTTING IN CHINA

In recent years, many coal-producing countries have paid great attention to the land subsidence causedby coal cutting. In China, because of the dense population in coalfield areas, the land subsidence hazard is more seri-ous. After a brief analysis on the mechanism of land subsidence, this paper gives a comprehensive and systematical ac-count on all kinds of hazards caused by the land subsidence in China. The study shows that land subsidence has endan-gered land, buildings, traffic and communication lines, dykes and dams. It also causes damage to ecological and socialenvironment. In order to lessen the hazard of land subsidence, preventive measures should be taken to reduce the col-lapse amount, such as extraction with stowing, banded mining system, succession and coordination mining system, orhigh-pressure mudflow between rock strata. Measures of reinforcing or moving certain buildings should also be taken toreduce the destructive degree. In order to harness the subsidence land and bring them under control for fanning, mea-sures should be taken such as filling with spoil or fine breeze, excavating the deeper and covering the shallower land.     

地质灾害防治条例

中华人民共和国国务院令第394号公布自二○○四年三月一日起施行第一章　总　则第一条　为了防治地质灾害,避免和减轻地质灾害造成的损失,维护人民生命和财产安全,促进经济和社会的可持续发展,制定本条例。第二条　本条例所称地质灾害,包括自然因素或者人为活动引发的危害人民生命和财产安全的山体崩塌、滑坡、泥石流、地面塌陷、地裂缝、地面沉降等与地质作用有关的灾害。第三条　地质灾害防治工作,应当坚持预防为主、避让与治理相结合和全面规划、突出重点的原则。第四条　地质灾害按照人员伤亡、经济损失的大小,分为四个等级:(一)特大型:…     

中国古代气象灾害（1）

通过查阅大量的历史资料、文献和书籍，对中国古代的气象灾害进行了整理和分析，得到了中国古代气象灾害的一些基本事实、特点、时空分布，以及它们与历史时期冷暖变化的关系，对研究中国古代自然灾害有重要意义。     

CFG桩复合地基在工程中的应用

文章通过工程实例,介绍了在充分掌握岩土工程地质条件情况下,合理设计,正确施工,多种原位测试检验,成功应用CFG桩处理软弱地基的方法.