基于位置大数据的国庆假期青藏高原人群分布时空变化模式挖掘

人类活动是引起青藏高原生态环境发生改变的重要因素。很多学者对青藏高原史前人类活动和近几十年的人口分布格局与人口流动开展了大量研究,但有关人群时空分布的精细尺度研究相对缺乏。海量的位置大数据为认识高原人群短期的动态变化提供了新途径。本文利用手机定位数据、人口迁徙数据等高时空分辨率的位置大数据,通过时间序列分解方法和基于统计检验的异常判别方法,分析了2017年国庆期间青海与西藏的人群分布时空变化特征,并探讨了假期旅游行为及人口迁徙与变化特征之间的关系。研究结果显示：① 在省级和城市整体尺度上,定位请求量的假期变化在时间上呈现先降后升的“潮汐”变化模式;② 在精细网格尺度上,西宁和拉萨城市及周边地区的人群分布变化在空间上呈现中心跌、周边涨的“离心化”变化模式。国庆假期人们向城市周边热门景点移动聚集的旅游行为和城市之间的人口迁徙都是导致西宁和拉萨周边地区定位请求量上涨的重要潜在原因,而两座高原城市中心定位请求的下跌不仅与人口迁徙有关,还与假期人类日常行为及定位请求频次的变化等因素有关。通过位置大数据挖掘节庆假期人群分布的时空变化,不仅加深了对高原人口分布格局与流动变化的认识,也为高原城镇化与生态保护的精细化管理与决策提供支撑。     

基于Android的移动气象信息服务系统设计与实现

为了丰富移动气象信息服务手段提升服务能力,使用Java,C#,VB,Delphi编程,开发了基于智能终端的移动气象信息服务系统。系统以用户体验为切入点结合智能终端特有的设备特性和移动应用软件特性提供创新型移动气象产品。该系统是一种集气象信息处理、发布和接收为一体的服务系统,用户可以通过该系统随时获取气象信息。介绍了系统的架构设计与客户端设计。详细阐述了采用Java技术在Android平台上研发移动客户端软件过程中所涉及问题的解决方法,包括手势控制、GIS服务、软件管理、系统稳定性和兼容性等问题的解决。     

单双频智能手机GNSS定位精度分析

为分析单、双频手机在单点定位和动态导航中的差异,本文对单、双频手机观测卫星数、信噪比、静态/动态定位中原始观测值/卡尔曼滤波值进行了对比和分析。试验结果表明,在静态无遮挡的试验条件下,小米MI8双频手机原始观测值较OPPO Reno单频手机定位误差均值减小了1.70 m且能观测到更多的卫星数,进行卡尔曼滤波处理后,单频手机较双频手机而言精度提升更多,两者最终精度相当。而在动态有遮挡的试验条件下,双频较单频定位误差均值减小了5.24 m,进行卡尔曼滤波处理后,两者精度均有明显改善,双频相对单频误差均值减小了0.87 m。     

Quality and timing of crowd-based water level class observations

Crowd-based hydrological observations can supplement existing monitoring networks and allow data collection in regions where otherwise no data would be available. In the citizen science project CrowdWater, repeated water level observations using a virtual staff gauge approach result in time series of water level classes (WL-classes). To investigate the quality of these observations, we compared the WL-class data with “real” (i.e., measured) water levels from the same stream at a nearby gauging station. We did this for nine locations where citizen scientists reported multiple observations using a smartphone app and at 12 locations where signposts were set up to ask citizens to record observations on a paper form that could be left in a letterbox. The results indicate that the quality of the data collected with the app was better than for the forms. A possible explanation is that for each app location, a single person submitted the vast majority of the observations, whereas at the locations of the forms almost every observation was made by a different person. On average, there were more contributions between May and September than during the other months. Observations were submitted for a range of flow conditions, with a higher fraction of high flow observations for the locations were data were collected with the app. Overall, the results are encouraging for citizen science approaches in hydrology and demonstrate that the smartphone application and the virtual staff gauge are a promising approach for crowd-based water level class observations.     

移动GIS在传染病防控方面的应用——以COVID-19为例

新型冠状病毒肺炎（COVID-19）疫情的出现和暴发流行，给社会、经济及人群健康提出巨大的挑战，已经成为重大公共卫生事件和社会问题。作为一种新发传染病，提早发现、迅速采用有效应对举措，是防止病毒蔓延扩散的重要环节。地理信息系统（GIS）在传染病的控制、预防、预警中有举足轻重的地位，移动GIS（Mobile GIS）作为GIS技术的发展，进一步提高了我国卫生部门应对突发传染病的能力。本文以COVID-19防控为例，重点介绍了移动GIS技术在传染病防控中的应用。     

测绘工具类智能手机应用开发初探

在智能手机和生活服务类手机应用蓬勃发展的情况下,为了辅助测绘生产作业,笔者提出了自行开发基于实际情况来提高效率增加便利的测绘工具类应用。本文介绍了Phonegap跨平台开发方案和具体构建开发步骤。     

安卓智能手机的精密单点定位模型研究

针对当前智能手机的全球卫星导航系统(GNSS)原始数据质量不佳导致常规精密单点定位(PPP)模型无法有效利用以及缺少智能手机PPP模型测试分析资料等问题,该文以载波加钟差的改进精密单点定位模型为基础,扩展至相应的载波加钟速模型、UofC模型、无模糊度模型、载波二次差模型及星间差分模型,简述了各个模型的特点,并利用华为P10智能手机的GNSS原始数据,测试并分析了各个模型定位精度情况:星间差分PPP模型在短期内(10 min)定位精度最优,平面中误差在1.8 m左右,高程2.1 m左右;改进模型与载波加钟速模型定位精度相当,UofC模型精度稍差;无模糊度模型与载波二次差模型需在Kalman滤波过程中采用降权方式防止其发散,定位精度取决于前期历元的数据质量。     

华为P30手机GPS/BDS/GLONASS/Galileo观测值随机模型优化及定位性能分析

针对P30智能手机采用GPS/BDS/GLONASS/Galileo等多系统定位时的随机模型进行研究,重点对使用多系统手机观测值定位时的伪距噪声进行评估,并分析不同随机模型对手机伪距单点定位精度的影响。结果表明,华为P30智能手机不同系统卫星伪距噪声差异较大,GPS、BDS、GLONASS、Galileo的伪距噪声中误差分别为5.30 m、2.75 m、7.92 m和1.07 m。采用信噪比+系统间加权的随机模型时手机终端的定位性能最优,相比于传统高度角模型,该随机模型在E、N、U方向上的伪距单点定位精度分别提升了36.12%、25.79%、31.30%。     

A vector and raster graphic mapping tool on micro-computers

Abstract

The rapid development of physically-based hydrological information and modelling systems has necessitated enhanced data entry and display systems. A 'mapping tool' is developed for the manipulation and display of spatial information, which is a cost-efficient, self-contained utility system that is suitable for use on micro-computers. It has the ability to be integrated as part of any modelling or information system. Diverse applications using the 'mapping tool' are briefly described including resource management systems for planners, mass balance studies in urban catchments and data entry systems for physically based models.     

Investigating the geomorphological potential of freely available and accessible structure‐from‐motion photogrammetry using a smartphone

We test the acquisition of high‐resolution topographic and terrain data using hand‐held smartphone technology, where the acquired images can be processed using technology freely available to the research community. This is achieved by evaluating the quality of digital terrain models (DTM) of a river bank and an Alpine alluvial fan generated with a fully automated, free‐to‐use, structure‐from‐motion package and a smartphone integrated camera (5 megapixels) with terrestrial laser scanning (TLS) data used to provide a benchmark. To evaluate this approach a 16.2‐megapixel digital camera and an established, commercial, close‐range and semi‐automated software are also employed, and the product of the four combinations of the two types of cameras and software are compared. Results for the river bank survey demonstrate that centimetre‐precision DTMs can be achieved at close range (10 m or less), using a smartphone camera and a fully automated package. Results improve to sub‐centimetre precision with either higher‐resolution images or by applying specific post‐processing techniques to the smartphone DTMs. Application to an entire Alpine alluvial fan system shows the degradation of precision scales linearly with image scale, but that (i) the expected level of precision remains and (ii) difficulties in separating vegetation and sediment cover within the results are similar to those typically found when using other photo‐based techniques and laser scanning systems. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.