Integration of a Multi-Stage Bulk Materials Acquisition System from the Viewpoint of Dock Operations

A multi-stage bulk materials acquisition system is examined from the viewpoint of dock operations. The whole process can be divided into four stages and treated as four subsystems: ships scheduling planning, material yard planning, dock arrangement, and material discharging. Since the structure and the complexity of each subsystem is different, the solution approaches applied are also different with respect to each. To increase operations efficiency and data consistency, an integration of the subsystems by coordinating the operations sequence and data communications for the four subsystems is discussed. The four subsystems are illustrated by using the material docks of China Steel Corporation, and the models developed in this research are also validated. The results indicate that the models developed are capable of deriving solutions better than the existing ones. Although the discussions are confined to China Steel Corporation, the models can be applied to other companies with similar operations.     

Is the spring water responsible for the fossilization of faunal remains at Florisbad, South Africa?

It is has been suggested that faunal remains at Florisbad were fossilized in a spring context due to the mineralized spring water. However, the environment conducive to the precipitation of CaCO₃ and other authigenic minerals was formed largely through the salinization of the organic layers and clay, and the mineralization of the groundwater. Factors contributing to this favorable environment include: CaCO₃ saturation, pH, the decomposition of halophytes, Eh, rainfall, biomineralization, and aeolian deposition. With the exception of pH, none of the above factors feature in a spring context, with evidence suggesting that the spring water may historically never have carried sufficient minerals for fossilization, and that contact with the spring water may actually have resulted in the demineralization of previously fossilized material. In light of this evidence, it is concluded that the fossilization of faunal remains at Florisbad took place in a sedimentary organic matter and clay environment and could not have taken place in the spring vents where there is an undersaturation of Ca.     

形变地球对不同驱动力的响应

地球形变位移场和重力场的时空变化无论在基础理论研究,还是在地理空间信息建设中都具有重要的意义.地球在各种力学机制的作用下产生了形变,形变又导致地球引力位的变化,即形变附加位或Euler引力位增量.基于矢量球函数的基本理论,讨论了引潮力、负载力和地表应力对地球形变和引力位增量的影响,给出了均匀不可压缩地球模型的Euler引力位增量的具体表达式和Love数的理论关系.可为地球形变的理论研究提供参考和依据.     

Paleoproterozoic volcanic rocks in the southern margin of the North China Craton,central China:Implications for the Columbia supercontinent

The volcanic rocks of the Xiong'er Group are situated in the southern margin of the North China Craton(NCC).Research on the Xiong er Group is important to understand the tectonic evolution of the NCC and the Columbia supercontinent during the Paleoproterozoic.In this study,to constrain the age of the Xiong'er volcanic rocks and identify its tectonic environment,we report zircon LA-ICP-MS data with Hf isotope,whole-rock major and trace element compositions and Sr-Nd-Pb-Hf isotopes of the volcanic rocks of the Xiong'er Group.The Xiong'er volcanic rocks mainly consist of basaltic andesite,andesite.dacite and rhyolite,with minor basalt.Our new sets of data combined with those from previous studies indicate that Xiong'er volcanism should have lasted from 1827 Ma to 1746 Ma as the major phase of the volcanism.These volcanics have extremely low MgO.Cr and Ni contents,are enriched in LREEs and LILEs but depleted in HFSEs(Nb,Ta,and Ti),similar to arc-related volcanic rocks.They are characterized by negative zircon ε_(Hf)_(t) values of-17.4 to 8.8,whole-rock initial ~(87)Sr/~(86)Sr values of 0.7023 to 0.7177 andε_(Nd)(t) values of-10.9 to 6.4.and Pb isotopes(~(206)Pb/~(204)Pb =14.366-16.431,~(207)Pb/~(204)Pb =15.106-15.371,~(208)Pb/~(204)Pb= 32.455-37.422).The available elemental and Sr-Nd-Pb-Hf isotope data suggest that the Xiong'er volcanic rocks were sourced from a mantle contaminated by continental crust.The volcanic rocks of the Xiong'er Group might have been generated by high-degree partial melting of a lithospheric mantle that was originally modified by oceanic subduction in the Archean.Thus,we suggest that the subduction-modified lithospheric mantle occurred in an extensional setting during the breakup of the Columbia supercontinent in the Late Paleoproterozoic,rather than in an arc setting.     

基于LGCP的城市管理事件空间点模式分析

数字化城管系统累积了大量城管事件历史数据,充分挖掘事件背后的空间分布模式和事件成因机制能够为城管部门的管控工作提供决策支持。论文利用Log Gaussian Cox Processes(LGCP)模型分析了西北某地H市P区的街面秩序类、市容环境类和宣传广告类城管事件之间的空间分布差异和事件成因影响差异。研究发现：① 3类城管事件都呈现出明显的空间聚集,其空间聚集尺度最远不超过924 m;② 各类事件聚集的特征各不相同,街面秩序类贴近城区主要干道,呈路网状。市容环境类表现出在城区中心块状聚集,周边地区零星分散的特征。宣传广告类靠近交通干线呈长条状,靠近商业中区域呈块状分布;③ 城区内不同类别的POI对城管事件的影响大小不同。购物服务类、医疗保健类和居民住宅类表现出最显著的影响,说明特定区域内人群的流量和密度是影响城管事件分布的重要因素,人群的流动和聚集会加剧城管事件数量的增加。研究结果能够满足城管部门的城管事件空间分布热点识别以及事件成因分析的需求。     

A geomorphological model of susceptibility to the effect of human interventions for environmental licensing determination (SHIELD)

Almost every country requires some form of environmental licensing prior to the inception of development projects that may affect the integrity of the environment and its social context. We developed a new conceptual and methodological model to instruct the assessment of the potential impacts posed by proposed projects. Susceptibility to Human Interventions for Environmental Licensing Determination (SHIELD) includes a novel geomorphological interpretation of the Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA). It considers the impact of human interventions on geomorphological processes and landscape functioning in the context of the entire ecosystem, going further than the classical concept of vulnerability. Estimated susceptibility of the site informs the screening stage, allowing local conditions to help define the criteria used in the process. Similarly, the level of detail of the environmental baseline is scoped by considering the degree of disturbance of natural processes posed by human intervention. Testing this geomorphological susceptibility model on different kinds of environments would allow shifting the environmental licensing practices from the prevailing anthropocentric and static conception of the environment towards an Ecosystem Approach. SHIELD addresses the need to improve the screening and scoping stages that form the basis of the rest of any EIA. SHIELD introduces several innovations to EIA including the incorporation of fuzzy logic, a preassembled database of contributions form experts, and a shifting of emphasis from the type of proposed intervention to the type of environment and its relative susceptibility.     

Blazar天体的辐射特性研究

收集了47个Blazar天体的短时标光变资料,估算了中心天体质量和不同波段辐射区域,并对估算结果作了统计分析,发现Blazar天体中心黑洞质量在10~7M_☉到10~(10)M_☉之间,BL Lac天体与平谱射电类星体中心黑洞质量有很大差异,平谱射电类星体中心黑洞质量大于BL Lac天体中心黑洞质量;红外波段和γ射线波段辐射区域大小相似.同时,利用收集到Blazar天体的热光度分析了Blazar天体热光度与短时标光变之间的关系,证实了射电选BL Lac(RBL)天体和平谱射电类星体(FSRQs)的辐射是强成束的,但相对论聚柬效应对X射线选BL Lac(XBL)天体的辐射影响较小.     

Polychlorierte Dibenzo-p-dioxine, -furane (PCDD/F) und Analoga in Oberflächensedimenten und datierten aquatischen Sedimentkernen

Polychlorinated Dibenzo-p-dioxins, -furans (PCDD/F) and Analogues in Surface Sediments and Dated Aquatic Sediment Cores Aquatic sediments are the final sinks of unintentionally formed PCDD/Fs. Still not known are the conditions of formation of PCDD/Fs in the 8120 years old sediments in Japan and in 350 to 400 years old sediments in the Baltic. Sediments are means of source identification if transformation processes are taken into consideration in view of hydrological conditions. PCDD/Fs have been analysed 30 km from the source in sediments and over a distance of 50 km in benthos indicating a remarkable bioaccumulation potential. Elaborated data of the PCDD/F sediment contamination are missing as well as information on internal diagenetic processes, interactions at the sediment/water interface, and on the aerobic and anaerobic biodegradation and bioavailability of PCDD/Fs in sediments. Quality criteria for sediments and aquatic ecosystems remain to be elaborated.     

Water masses in Thermaicos Gulf,north-western Aegean Sea

Physical oceanographic data were collected during September 1975 at stations in the shallow water (max. depth 45 m) embayments of Salonica Bay and Thermaicos Gulf, and comparisons are made with data collected during other seasons. The distribution of temperature and salinity in the water column indicated the following features: fresh surface water predominantly related to river discharge; an intermediate water mass, apparently formed by mixing between the fresh and open sea waters; a thermocline, and deep bottom water open sea characteristics. The summer distribution of density in the surface and bottom waters, and the seasonal variation in the pattern of surface salinity, suggested an anti-clockwise water circulation throughout the embayments.     

Reseeding of early earth by impacts of returning ejecta during the late heavy bombardment

Mounting attention has focused on interplanetary transfer of microorganisms (panspermia), particularly in reference to exchange between Mars and Earth. In most cases, however, such exchange requires millions of years, over which time the transported microorganisms must remain viable. During a large impact on Earth, however, previous work (J.C. Armstrong et al., 2002, Icarus 160, 183-196) has shown that substantial amounts of material return to the planet of origin over a much shorter period of time (< 5000 years), considerably mitigating the challenges to the survival of a living organism. Conservatively evaluating experiments performed [by others] on Bacillus subtilis and Deinococcus radiodurans to constrain biological survival under impact conditions, we estimate that if the Earth were hit by a sterilizing impactor ∼ 300 km in diameter, with a relative velocity of 30 km s⁻¹ (such as may have occurred during the Late Heavy Bombardment), an initial cell population in the ejecta of order 10³-10⁵ cells kg⁻¹ would in most cases be sufficient for a single modern organism to survive and return to an again-clement planet 3000-5000 years later. Although little can be said about the characteristics or distribution of ancient life, our calculations suggest that impact reseeding is a possible means by which life, if present, could have survived the Late Heavy Bombardment.