Denudation and cooling of the Lake Teletskoye Region in the Altai Mountains (South Siberia) as revealed by apatite fission-track thermochronology

Lake Teletskoye occupies a narrow graben located in the northwestern sector of the Altai fold belt in South Siberia. The lake basin is thought to have formed during the Pleistocene as a distant result of the Cenozoic collision of India and Eurasia that caused a tectonic reactivation of the Palaeozoic Gorny–Altai (GA) and West Sayan (WS) blocks.The present work reports of a pilot fission-track study performed on 13 apatite separates collected from rocks that were sampled along two profiles in close proximity of the lake. The age–length data and AFT thermochronological modelling reveal two important phases of cooling in the Altai Mountains, a first one during the Late Jurassic–Early Cretaceous and a second one that started in the Miocene–Pliocene and that persists until today. The first event is interpreted to result from uplift-induced denudation probably related to the closure of the Mongol–Okhotsk Ocean; the second event can be linked to the young Cenozoic movements that lie at the origin of the formation of the Lake Teletskoye basin.     

一个有限区域中尺度模式的设计及预报试验

以一个６层原始方程模式的基本动力学框架为基础，设计了一个对物理过程考虑得较全面的中尺度原始方程模式。该模式采用（ｘ，ｙ，σ）坐标系；大气上界取为１０ｈＰａ，提供多种水平边界条件；水平和垂直分辨率均可调；降水方案包括大尺度降水和深厚积云对流降水；地面温度的计算采用地面热量收支方程；考虑了地气和海气交换作用；垂直交换系数的计算采用Ｌｉｏｕｉｓ格式；水平扩散采用二阶形式和四阶形式相结合的方案，扩散系数是网格点位置和风场的函数；积分方案采用经济的中央差格式。在水平格距取８０ｋｍ，垂直方向不等距地分为１６层的分辨率条件下，利用该模式进行逐个个例预报试验。结果表明，模式计算稳定，能较好地报出主要的天气形势，预报的降水也较接近实际。文中给出了一些检验指标的统计结果。还在预报能力及模式特性方面与原６层模式进行了对比。     

Characteristics of air flow over Andaman islands including precipitation

The characteristics of simulated air flow over Andaman Islands are studied with a two-dimensional version of the University of Virginia meso scale model (UVMM). Using the observed synoptic data as initial conditions, 24 hr simulations are obtained for a day each in April and November. These days are chosen to study the variations in the simulated flow pattern under different synoptic conditions including precipitation effects. A large scale condensation scheme is employed to consider the effect of latent heat release on the perturbations. The results show that the latent heat released by condensation strengthens the intensity of perturbations and the topography accelerates the arrival of sea breeze by about an hour. The model-simulated results, given in graphical form, are discussed and compared with available observations.     

阿尔金断裂系的组成及相关中新生代含油气盆地的成因特征

阿尔金构造带是多次俯冲—碰撞而形成的塔里木板块东南边缘,构造带内的走滑活动始于奥陶纪中晚期,中新生代强烈活动,并将北部不同构造单元的一些地质体拖曳到断裂带中,形成北山与敦煌构造楔。北山—阿拉善及断裂两侧的其他地质体受到走滑拉分作用的强烈改造,形成许多中新生代含油气盆地,共同构成我国中西部一条巨型走滑断裂系。     

扬子地台西南缘朱家坝辉绿岩地球化学特征及其地质意义

近年来在扬子西缘大量的早—中元古代岩浆岩证据显示扬子地台内形成的断陷盆地及早中元古代岩浆岩与全球性的Columbia超大陆裂解事件有着密不可分的联系。这种联系主要表现在区内早中元古代的岩浆岩地球化学特征上。为了探讨武定裂陷槽朱家坝辉绿岩的地球化学特征及其意义,以12块朱家坝辉绿岩的地球化学分析数据为基础,在分析了其主微量和稀土元素的特征之后发现朱家坝辉绿岩w(SiO_2)为44.16%～48.08%,w(K_2O+Na_2O)为3.54%～4.26%,在化学成分上属于钙碱性岩石;其稀土元素的总量为183.1×10^-6～206.91×10^-6,LREE/HREE=1.44～1.96,表明在其形成过程中发生了明显的地壳混然或者是岩浆分异作用,其化学成分基本可以反映出岩浆源区的化学组成特征。基于此,对朱家坝辉绿岩进行了源区性质、构造环境和可能的成因机制探讨,认为朱家坝辉绿岩形成于拉张环境之中,很有可能是在昆阳裂谷形成初期形成,其岩浆来源于较富集的地幔源区,形成过程中几乎没有地壳物质参与。     

南海北部陆缘区中特提斯构造演化研究

通过对南海及周边地区特提斯构造遗迹的综合分析，并与东亚、东南亚地区特提斯构造对比，认为南海北部陆缘区存在可以进行东、西向对比的中特提斯构造。相应的中特提斯洋因北巴拉望－礼乐－南沙地块与华南大陆边缘在白垩纪中期的碰撞而关闭。南海北部陆缘区中特提斯构造向西可以与加里曼丹的Metratus缝合线和苏门答腊的Woyla缝合线对比，向东经台湾海峡、琉球群岛与日本佐用带对比。南海北部陆缘区中特提斯构造的确认对正确解释南海北部陆缘区地壳结构在东西向和南北向的差异、重新认识华南陆域内地质构造演化以及对南海北部陆缘区油气资源勘探均具重要意义。     

夏季副热带中——中间尺度系统发展的一种机制

本文研究了夏季副热带中—中间尺度天气系统的发展问题,结果表明,在潮湿不稳定大气中,扰动与凝结释热之间的正反馈过程是系统初期发展的一种机制,非线性作用将抑制系统的无限发展,使之发展到一定强度后即处于稳定状态。     

南亚高压与偏北风急流出口区的暴雨生成机制

利用MM4中尺度模式，模拟了1998年7月21日08:00~22日08:00(北京时)，一次西北风急流的暴雨过程。分析发现，西北风高空急流与南亚高压环流形成的辐散辐合场导致一对中尺度正反环流的生成，使暴雨得以维持与加强。在暴雨区北部，中高层条件性对称不稳定可使下沉运动加速，对北支环流的维持起关键作用；雨区南部，南支环流圈的维持与高层北风中心的加强有关。北支环流圈的加强以及动量下传使暴雨区北部低层的北风分量维持。该北风分量与雨区南部环流的南风分量形成低层辐合。     

Revised Chronostratigraphic Framework of the Metamorphic Strata in the Jiangnan Orogenic Belt,South China and its Tectonic Implications

In a re-study of regional geology by the China Geological Survey (CGS), the key problem is in the stratigraphical division and correlation. According to the new isotopic dating of the Meso- and Neoproterozoic in China, there have been great changes in the strata correlation and tectonic explanation. The authors obtained four zircon sensitive high resolution ion micro-probe (SHRIMP) U-Pb datings from the bentonite of the Lengjiaxi Group (822±10 Ma, 823±12 Ma and 834±11 Ma) and Banxi Group (802.6±7.6 Ma) in north Hunan Province, which is considered to be the middle part of the Jiangnan Orogenic Belt. On the basis of the zircon dating mentioned above, the end of the Wuling orogen is first limited in the period from 822 Ma to 802 Ma in one continued outcrop (Lucheng section) in Linxiang city, Hunan Province. Combining a series of new zircon U-Pb datings in the Yangtze and Cathaysia blocks, several Neoproterozoic volcanic events and distribution of the metamorphic rocks in the Jiangnan Orogenic Belt have been distinguished. In the context of the global geodynamics, it is useful to set up a practical and high precision chronological framework and basic and unified late Precambrian section in South China.     

冬季高海拔复杂地形下GRAPES Meso要素预报的检验评估

利用GRAPES(Globe/Regional Assimilation and Prediction System)对2010年温哥华奥运会6个场馆气温、相对湿度、风及降水量的预报结果,采用预报准确率、平均误差、平均绝对误差、Alpha Index、TS和ETS评分等统计量对其进行了较详细的评估。结果表明:GRAPESMeso预报相对湿度的准确率最高,且随预报时效的增加,其变化趋于稳定。起初模式对相对湿度的预报偏干,之后逐渐变为预报偏湿;气温预报偏低;风速预报偏大。逐日各要素预报检验结果表明,气温的变化幅度最小;各级降水检验发现,晴雨预报的TS评分最高,且随降水增大,ETS评分逐渐接近TS。与其他模式预报结果对比发现,GRAPES-Meso对复杂地形下要素预报还存在一定的不足。本研究还发现,模式存在一定的系统误差,若能有效订正其误差,将有助于改进模式预报。