利用ERBE资料分析中国地区云辐射强迫的时空变化

利用１９８５￣１９８８年４年的ＥＲＢＥ资料,分析和揭示了我国大陆地区云辐射强迫变化的一些基本事实。结果发现：云强迫存在很大的区域差异和较强的季节变化,其中川黔地区是全国最大的云强迫负值区,其次是长江中下游地区和华北地区青藏高原为正、负值的过渡区,高原北侧的西北干旱区冬季为较弱的云强迫正值区。此外,云强迫还具有一定的年际变化。     

Cloud radiative forcing of subtropical low level clouds in global models

Simulations of subtropical marine low clouds and their radiative properties by nine coupled ocean-atmosphere climate models participating in the fourth assesment report (AR4) of the intergovernmental panel on climate change (IPCC) are analyzed. Satellite observations of cloudiness and radiative fluxes at the top of the atmosphere (TOA) are utilized for comparison. The analysis is confined to the marine subtropics in an attempt to isolate low cloudiness from tropical convective systems. All analyzed models have a negative bias in the low cloud fraction (model mean bias of −15%). On the other hand, the models show an excess of cloud radiative cooling in the region (model mean excess of 13 W m⁻²). The latter bias is shown to mainly originate from too much shortwave reflection by the models clouds rather than biases in the clear-sky fluxes. These results confirm earlier studies, thus no major progress in simulating the marine subtropical clouds is noted. As a consequence of the combination of these two biases, this study suggests that all investigated models are likely to overestimate the radiative response to changes in low level subtropical cloudiness.