离子色谱法测定矿物包裹体中阴离子

本文介绍了用离子色谱法同时测定矿物包裹体中F~-、Cl~-、PO_4~(3-)、Br~-、NO_3~-、SO_4~(2-)6种阴离子的新方法。研究了流动相浓度对保留时间的影响以及消除负峰干扰的方法。     

Bromide as a conservative tracer for soil-water studies

The assumption that potassium bromide is a conservative tracer for soil-water studies was tested in a series of batch sorption experiments. Sorption experiments were conducted on soil samples collected from the O, E, and A horizons of the Albemarle soil series near Charlottesville, VA. The experiments were conducted under conditions of differing bromide concentration and filter treatments. Bromide concentrations in soil-solution mixtures were measured through time using an Orion bromide-specific electrode. An analysis of variance of results showed no significant sorption of bromide through time under any concentration level or filter treatment (α = 0·01). No sorption of bromide between different soil horizons could be determined. This work clearly indicates that bromide is conservative under the conditions examined.     

杭州市空气负离子变化特征分析

利用2008—2010年杭州西溪湿地和馒头山空气负离子观测资料,分析了杭州市空气负离子的季、月和日变化特征,以及空气负离子与气象环境因子的相关关系。结果表明,湿地负离子浓度要好于市区;杭州市空气负离子浓度冬季最大,夏季最小;一日中早晨空气负离子浓度最高,15时左右最低;夜间高于白天。空气负离子浓度与温度、日照时数和空气污染物呈负相关,与相对湿度、风速、云量和降雨量呈正相关。     

离子色谱法测定夏县温泉水中阴离子含量

利用离子色谱法对水中常见的7种阴离子进行定性和定量的分析,在既定的条件下,分别建立校正曲线法(外标法)及单点校正法模板,并对温泉水样校正分析。结果显示,外标法测得离子数据较为平稳,相对偏差均小于5%,适用于观测温泉水中其含量的变化。     

Cotton Fiber/ZrO2, A New Material for Adsorption of Cr(VI) Ions in Water

The natural cotton fiber was used to synthesize an anion exchange, containing ZrO₂ film on its surface, NCFZC (natural cotton fiber/ZrO₂ composite). This anion exchanger was produced by the reaction of the zirconium oxychloride and hydroxyl groups on surface of the natural cotton fiber. The material was used for Cr(VI) ions adsorption studies. Adsorption equilibrium time and optimum pH for Cr(VI) adsorption were found to be 6 h and 4.0, respectively. The Langmuir and Temkin isotherms were used to models adsorption equilibrium data. The adsorption capacity of NCFZC was found to be 1.33 mmol/g. Kinetic studies showed that the rate of adsorption of Cr(VI) on NCFZC obeyed a pseudo‐second‐order kinetic model.     

阴离子捕获剂及其在污染防治与环境修复领域中的应用

综述了阴离子捕获剂的结构、性能、制备与表征方法、吸附专属性及其在环境修复方面的应用。阴离子捕获剂是一种具有层状结构的阴离子粘土，由于其特殊的结构和性能，可通过层间阴离子交换、层状结构重建等机制来吸附环境中的阴离子，从而清除环境中的污染物。大量研究表明。阴离子捕获剂对环境中以络阴离子形式存在的重金属污染物有很强的吸附能力，并能有效吸附水体中的N、P、As、Se和放射性元素。此外，阴离子捕获剂还能吸附有机污染物，如农药、酚类化合物、洗涤剂和腐殖质等。从环境中除去不同类型的有毒有害组分。需使用不同类型的阴离子捕获剂。其吸附能力主要由捕获剂本身的特点和外部理化条件所决定。阴离子捕获剂的研究已成为当前环境保护工程和技术研究的一个新热点。     

杭州市空气负离子变化特征分析

利用2008-2010年杭州西溪湿地和馒头山空气负离子观测资料,分析了杭州市空气负离子的季、月和日变化特征,以及空气负离子与气象环境因子的相关关系.结果表明,湿地负离子浓度要好于市区;杭州市空气负离子浓度冬季最大,夏季最小;一日中早晨空气负离子浓度最高,15时左右最低;夜间高于白天.空气负离子浓度与温度、日照时数和空气...     

Removal of Bromate from Water Using De‐Acidite FF‐IP Resin and Determination by Ultra‐Performance Liquid Chromatography‐Tandem Mass Spectrometry

Contamination of water due to bromate is a severe health hazard. The aim of the present study was to remove bromate from water using a crosslinked polystyrene based strongly basic anion exchange resin De‐Acidite FF‐IP. Batch experiments were performed to study the influence of various experimental parameters such as effect of pH, contact time, temperature, and effect of competing anions on bromate removal by De‐Acidite FF‐IP resin. At optimum parameters, the removal rate of bromate was very fast and 90% removal took place in 5 min and equilibrium was established within 10 min. The presence of competitive anions reduced the bromate adsorption in the order of Cl^? > F^? > CO > SO > NO > PO. The practical utility of this resin has been demonstrated by removing bromate in some of the commercial bottled water from Saudi Arabia. The level of bromate was determined using a very sensitive, precise and rapid method based on ultra‐performance liquid chromatography‐tendem mass spectrometry (UPLC‐MS/MS).     

The Carbonate Radical (HCO3·/CO3–·) as a Reactive Intermediate in Water Chemistry: Kinetics and Modelling

Results from kinetic laboratory studies of reactions of the carbonate radical anion (CO₃^–·) with aromatic compounds in aqueous solution at T = 298 K are presented. Data were obtained in using a laser photolysis laser long-path absorption (LP-LPLA) apparatus which was designed for direct time-resolved studies of radical reactions. For the reactions of CO₃^–· with hydroquinone dimethyl ether (2), methyl anisole (3), benzene (4), p-xylene (5), toluene (6), chlorobenzene (7), nitrobenzene (8), and benzonitrile (9), rate coefficients of k₂ = (3.0 ± 0.6)·10⁷ M^–1 s^–1, k₃ = (9.7 ± 1.7)·10⁵ M^–1 s^–1, k₄ = (3.2 ± 0.7)·10⁵ M^–1 s^–1, k₅ = (3.8 ± 0.9)·10⁴ M^–1 s^–1, k₆ = (6.8 ± 2.3)·10⁴ M^–1 s^–1, k₇ = (2.7 ± 0.6)·10⁵ M^–1 s^–1, k₈ = (1.4 ± 0.5)·10⁴ M^–1 s^–1, and k₉ < 1.3·10² M^–1 s^–1 were obtained. In further studies the effect of temperature on the reactions (2), (4), and (5) has been studied. The kinetic data obtained for the reaction of the carbonate radical anion with aromatic compounds were compared to the corresponding reactions of the hydroxyl radical. Finally, these kinetic data were used within a simple model system to investigate the implications of carbonate radical anion kinetics within water treatment processes. It is shown that the degradation of organic pollutants in ^·OH-radical based water treatment may proceed via the CO₃^–·/HCO_3· radical under certain conditions.     

阴离子树脂—活性炭吸附石墨炉测定铂钯

将样品用王水分解定容静置后,采用阴离子树脂—活性炭混合吸附体系进行静态吸附,将吸附体高温灰化后再以王水分解定容,用石墨炉原子吸收光谱仪测定溶液中的铂、钯.该方法检出限为铂0.084ng/g,钯0.025 ng/g,回收率铂为95％～ 103％,钯为95％～ 98％.