轨道交通沿线土地溢价归公的政策与实践——以东莞市为例

轨道交通周边土地开发和溢价归公有助于缓解城市财政压力,推动公交都市建设。结合国外实施溢价归公的政策和实践模式,以东莞市为例,在资料收集、政策分析、文本和案例解读的基础上,探讨了中国城市政府在规划和建设轨道交通中,以土地溢价归公反哺轨道交通融资的政策安排和实施效果。结果表明：1）溢价归公的本质是以特定方式实现正外部效应的内部化,由于土地制度和税收体系的差异,欧美地区溢价归公主要依赖多样化的土地税收体系,而中国城市的实践主要借鉴了“轨道+物业”的联合开发模式;2）东莞市溢价归公策略的形成是综合开发规划编制和审批、沿线土地控制和储备、土地发展权转移、土地增值分配等核心环节有效协调的结果;3）东莞轨道交通沿线土地开发能形成可观的财政收益,潜在土地收益占轨道资金总需求的比例超过20%,但在实施过程中仍面临较大困难。东莞市案例能为其他城市轨道交通融资、土地开发和溢价归公的政策体系编制和有效实施提供一定的参考。     

基于云平台的农业综合信息应用系统的设计与开发

在分析国内农业信息化服务现状的基础上,基于云计算技术搭建了农业综合信息服务应用系统,设计了系统的总体架构,对农业资源数据进行分类与存储设计以及平台提供的数据服务功能。从技术实现的角度阐述了系统的开发环境、集群节点部署、农业数据资源与模型发布等关键技术,并以洪泽湖地区为例,实现了该地区农业用地资源、土地利用现状、水资源分布、气象信息等农业信息的有效管理与共享查询。实践证明,基于云平台的农业综合信息系统,能很好地支撑农业综合信息服务,为农业综合数据管理与共享应用提供了科学的决策支持。     

PRELIMINARY STUDY ON THE FLOODING AND DROUGHT CLAMITY DURING PAST 1500 YEARS IN THE HAI′AN REGION，JIANGSU PROVINCE

Collection and arrangement of the historical records of climatic changes and environment evolution,espectial-lyin the aspect of calamities,are made on the history documents of past 1500 years about Haiˊan region,Jiangsu Province.There existed two obvious flooding-drought frequently-occurring periods:one was from 1550 AD to 1850 AD and another was 100 AD to 1200AD.The period of 1550 AD to1850 AD is interrupted by two relatively arid and cold climatic periods:one was from 1630 AD to 1700 AD and another was 1750 AD to 1820 AD.The main characteristic of the calamity periods is that they occurred by turns,and sometimes,both drought and flooding occurred in the same year.The instability of the climatic changes in the Little Ice Age may be the main reason of the frequently-occurring flooding and drought in Haiˊan region.Research results also show that the frequently-occurring periods of flooding and drought is in close relationship with the solar activity,and therefore,occurrence of the flooding and drought may be in relation with the intensity of the solar activity.This hypothesis may need further study in the future.     

A STUDY ON LAND SYSTEM INNOVATIONS IN THE CONSTRUCTION OF SMALL TOWNS IN CHINA

The economic development in China and the rising of the living standard need to speed up the urbanisa-tion.The development of small towns is an important way to Chinese urbanization.Land use plays a very important role in the development of small towns.However there are many problems in the development of small towns,esp.in land use.The paper first discusses the land problems in the development of small towns.Such as much cultivated land lies idle,under-utilization and waste of land,increasing illegal use of land,unstable contractural relationship for land use.The relationship between the development of small towns and land use is also studied.Then the guidelines for the land system innovations of small towns are put forward.Namely the sustainability of social and economic development,the bal-ance between land reservation and land utilization,the provision of service to village ,agriculture and farmer,the manage-ment of land resource and land assets,the parsimonious andlegal use of land.The basic framework of land system innova-tions of small towns is put forward finally.It include the land replacement policy for small towns and the permanent tenan-cy of farmland,the overall plan for land uses and other plans in harmony,the establishment of a flexible system of land supplies,using land with payments ,the transfer of agricultural land and refining the land law related to the construction of small towns.     

潢川县土地整理注重实效

近年来，潢川县以保护耕地总量动态平衡为目标，逐年加大上地整理复垦力度，不断增加耕地面积．提高土地产出率．为农业结构调整、粮食基地建设和基础设施建设构筑保障平台．促进了当地经济的可持续发展。从去年初至今年9月份，全县累计实施土地整理复垦面积3267亩，净增耕地2665亩。     

时代呼唤：农业地质浮出水面

提到农业地质，人们不应当忘记这个名字：爱尔。1916年这位年轻的英国剑桥大学地质系教授对土壤产生了浓厚的兴趣，他认为世界工业的飞速发展，产生的废物会污染土壤。当他将一些土壤放到实验室研究时果然印证了他的设想。作为地质学家，他认为消除土壤侵蚀的关键应是首先采用地质方法进行调查，根据     

山东省基本农田保护条例

第一章　总则第一条　为加强对基本农田的保护,稳定耕地面积,确保粮食安全,促进农业生产和经济社会的可持续发展,根据《中华人民共和国土地管理法》、《中华人民共和国农业法》、国务院《基本农田保护条例》等法律、法规,结合本省实际,制定本条例。第二条　本条例所称基本农田,是指依据土地利用总体规划确定的不得占用的耕地。本条例所称基本农田保护区是指为对基本农田实行特殊保护,按照法定程序确定的特定保护区域。第三条　本条例适用于本省行政区域内基本农田保护区的划定、保护和监督管理。第四条　县级以上人民政府应当将基本农田保护…     

实施农村规划 进行土地挖潜

汤阴县位于河南省北部，属河南省安阳市所辖，是一个农业县。土地总面积645.86平方公里，其中：耕地占土地总面积的63．4％，其它土地占36．6％。全县设5乡5镇，297个行政村。农业户口、农业人口分别占总户数、总人口的77．7％和85．5％。     

土地管理制度创新与农民增收

土地管理制度创新在各地创造了许多鲜活、有效的经验，为农民增收、农业增效、农村经济发展提供了保障。同时还有一些问题亟待解决。调整政策、完善机制才能更好地为解决好“三农”问题，特别是农民增收问题，作出国土资源管理部门应有的贡献。