The spawning and early life-history of a New Zealand endemic amphidromous eleotrid,bluegill bully (Gobiomorphus hubbsi)

The larval stage of fishes is critical in determining their dispersal, survival and recruitment, but little is known of the larval behaviours and tolerances of amphidromous fishes, particularly in New Zealand. We report the results of a series of observational and experimental studies on bluegill bully (Gobiomorphus hubbsi), including spawning sites and behaviours, larval characteristics at hatch, phototactic responses of larvae, and larval survival at different salinity levels. Spawning primarily occurred in the lower reaches of the river, and larvae from different nests exhibited marked differences in, and trade-offs between, larval characteristics at hatch, potentially affecting larval success. Larvae were positively phototactic to intense light, an unexpected result based on diel drift patterns and international research. Finally, larvae exhibited markedly higher survival rates when reared at intermediate salinities compared to freshwater or seawater, suggesting estuaries may play an important role as nursery grounds for bluegill bully and other amphidromous fish.     

Survival,growth and shell deformities of copper- and cadmium-exposed mussels (Mytilus edulis L.) in brackish water

Mussels, Mytilus edulis L., were exposed to elevated concentrations of copper or cadmium in the laboratory, then placed in cages in the sea (salinity 7‰). One year later maximum lengths of the mussels were measured and shells screened for deformities. Growth was 0·6 cm year^?1 in the control cages and retarded in cages of exposed mussels. A total of 63% of cadmium-exposed and 46% of copper-exposed mussels had shell deformities. In the control cages 26% were deformed while in a natural population only 3% were deformed. The proportion of deformities to growth was inversely related. Low concentrations showed their injuriousness in this long-term test, probably due to the closing of the valves during exposure to high concentrations.     

不同饲料对凡纳对虾幼体生长与发育的影响

采用不同的饲料系列饲养各阶段凡纳对虾(Lito-penaeus vannamei)的幼体和仔虾，实验结果表明：在潘状幼体期(Z)～糠虾幼体Ⅱ期(M2)，投喂骨条藻 人工配合饲料系列，比单纯投喂骨条藻或单纯投喂人工配合饲料的成活率分别高18．5％和26.7％；糠虾Ⅱ期(M2)以后单独投喂人工配合饲料或单独投喂卤虫无节幼体的成活率无明显的差别；在人工育苗后期，用人工配合饲料代替卤虫无节幼体，育苗的成活率并没有下降。     

酶解条件对条斑紫菜单细胞成活率影响的比较研究

该文分别选用不同浓度的海螺酶 ;葡萄糖、蔗糖、甘露醇、山梨醇、氯化钠 5种渗透剂 ;维生素 C和甘露醇 2种抗氧化剂 ;对条斑紫菜酶解单细胞的成活率进行了研究。实验结果表明 :用浓度为 10 %的海螺酶酶解条斑紫菜 ,成活率最高 ;选用 2 mol/ L葡萄糖作渗透剂 ,效果最好 ,成活率达85.2 % ;加入抗氧化剂对细胞成活率没有影响     

Cu2+、Zn2+、SDS、DBS对脊尾白虾的毒性试验

选用铜、锌2种常见重金属和十二烷基硫酸钠(SDS)、十二烷基苯磺酸钠(DBS)2种阴离子表面活性剂对脊尾白虾Palaemon carincauda仔虾进行96h急性毒性试验。结果表明,Cu2 、Zn2 、SDS、DBS对脊尾白虾仔虾的96h LC50分别为0.34、0.82、14.3和14.4 mg.L-1。将脊尾白虾仔虾对这4种毒物的敏感性与文献报道的其它动物进行了比较,结果认为可以将其作为毒性测试的标准试验生物。     

海水温度和盐度对泥蚶幼虫和稚贝生长及存活的影响

1996～1997和1999年在浙江省乐清市东发水产育苗场和福建省宁德市四海水产育苗场分别研究了海水温度和盐度对泥蚶浮游幼虫和稚贝生长及存活的影响,结果表明,泥蚶浮游幼虫的适宜温度为25～33℃,最适生长温度为28～30℃.稚贝的适宜温度为15～35℃,最适生长温度为25～30℃.浮游幼虫的适宜盐度为16.54～30.02,最适生长盐度为1654～23.38;稚贝的适宜盐度为10.01～30.02,最适生长盐度为10.01～23.38.泥蚶幼虫和稚贝对高温和低盐海水有较强的适应能力,这与它们夏季的繁殖期和自然分布于内湾河口区是相适应的.     

海水盐度对牙鲆仔稚鱼的生长、存活率及白化率的影响

１９９３年１１月２０日自鹿儿岛养殖业购得自然产卵获得的牙鲆受精卵，经空运、陆驼至福冈的九州大学附属水产试验所，仔鱼翌日孵出，３ｄ后开口。以此材料观察研究试验室条件下不同海水盐度对牙鲆仔稚鱼的生长，存活率及白化率的影响。试验分４组，盐度分别为：１组（自然海水对照组），３０．５－３１．８；２组，２６．０：３组，２１．０；４组，１６．０。每组设２个重复，使用１００１透明玻璃钢水槽，每槽放２０００尾刚开口     

盐度对双棘黄姑鱼仔鱼活力及仔稚鱼生长的影响

分别用不同盐度梯度海水对双棘黄姑鱼仔鱼进行饲养试验。结果表明：盐度为17．0．22．0、27．0．31．0～33．0的4个试验组仔鱼的不投饵存活系数分别为5．38、7.35、6.46、6．18；各盐度组仔稚鱼的生长速度没有显著差异（P〉0．05），各组仔鱼经25d的培养，其平均全长为18．8～19．2mm；盐度22．0及27．0的海水中仔稚鱼呈较高的存活率，各盐度组的平均存活率为36、0％、48．5％、46．7％和39．2％．