全文获取类型
收费全文 | 2424篇 |
免费 | 393篇 |
国内免费 | 399篇 |
专业分类
测绘学 | 488篇 |
大气科学 | 270篇 |
地球物理 | 716篇 |
地质学 | 967篇 |
海洋学 | 275篇 |
天文学 | 9篇 |
综合类 | 163篇 |
自然地理 | 328篇 |
出版年
2024年 | 10篇 |
2023年 | 24篇 |
2022年 | 44篇 |
2021年 | 62篇 |
2020年 | 92篇 |
2019年 | 98篇 |
2018年 | 96篇 |
2017年 | 102篇 |
2016年 | 131篇 |
2015年 | 117篇 |
2014年 | 145篇 |
2013年 | 264篇 |
2012年 | 148篇 |
2011年 | 152篇 |
2010年 | 137篇 |
2009年 | 142篇 |
2008年 | 158篇 |
2007年 | 198篇 |
2006年 | 191篇 |
2005年 | 132篇 |
2004年 | 115篇 |
2003年 | 70篇 |
2002年 | 88篇 |
2001年 | 59篇 |
2000年 | 59篇 |
1999年 | 53篇 |
1998年 | 52篇 |
1997年 | 41篇 |
1996年 | 35篇 |
1995年 | 35篇 |
1994年 | 30篇 |
1993年 | 32篇 |
1992年 | 22篇 |
1991年 | 23篇 |
1990年 | 16篇 |
1989年 | 20篇 |
1988年 | 9篇 |
1987年 | 6篇 |
1986年 | 4篇 |
1984年 | 1篇 |
1983年 | 1篇 |
1982年 | 2篇 |
排序方式: 共有3216条查询结果,搜索用时 15 毫秒
1.
Average velocity in streams is a key variable for the analysis and modelling of hydrological and hydraulic processes underpinning water resources science and practice. The present study evaluates the impact of the sampling duration on the quality of average velocity measurements acquired with contemporary instruments such as Acoustic Doppler Velocimeters (ADV) an Acoustic Doppler Current Profilers (ADCP). The evaluation combines considerations on turbulent flows and principles and configurations of acoustic instruments with practical experience in conducting customized analysis for uncertainty analysis purposes. The study sheds new insights on the spatial and temporal variability of the uncertainty in the measurement of average velocities due to variable sampling durations acting in isolation from other sources of uncertainties. Sampling durations of 90 and 150 s are found sufficient for ADV and ADCP, respectively, to obtain reliable average velocities in a flow affected only by natural turbulence and instrument noise. Larger sampling durations are needed for measurements in most of the natural streams exposed to additional sources of data variability. 相似文献
2.
Subsurface flow measurements using passive flux meters in variably-saturated cold-regions landscapes
To date, passive flux meters have predominantly been applied in temperate environments for tracking the movement of contaminants in groundwater. This study applies these instruments to reduce uncertainty in (typically instantaneous) flux measurements made in a low-gradient, wetland dominated, discontinuous permafrost environment. This method supports improved estimation of unsaturated and over-winter subsurface flows which are very difficult to quantify using hydraulic gradient-based approaches. Improved subsurface flow estimates can play a key role in understanding the water budget of this landscape. 相似文献
3.
为提高基于F-范数的不确定性平差模型的解算效率,给出直接迭代算法进行参数估计。该算法无需SVD,解算过程简单且易于编程计算,同时给出迭代不收敛时的SVD-解方程算法。二元线性拟合及沉降观测AR模型的算例结果表明,这2种算法正确可行,与SVD-迭代算法具有等价性。当迭代收敛时,宜使用直接迭代算法,收敛速度更快,解算效率更高;当迭代不收敛时,可釆用SVD-解方程算法。 相似文献
4.
This study aims at evaluating the global geoid model for a regional shoreline fitting using advanced soft computing techniques and global navigation satellite system/leveling measurements. Artificial neural networks, fuzzy logic, and least square support vector machine models are developed and used to fit the global geoid model for the north coastal Egyptian line. In addition, a novel estimation geoid model is designed and evaluated based on the latest global geoid models. The results of the three estimation models show that they can be used to correct the shoreline geoid model, in terms of root mean square error that ranges from 1.7 to 8.5?cm. Moreover, it is found that the least square vector machine model is a competitive approach with certain advantage in solving complex problems represented by missing data. 相似文献
5.
6.
FUZZY COMPREHENSIVE EVALUATION OF CONTAINER TRANSPORTATION MODES ALONG THE CHANGJIANG RIVER MAIN LINE AND ITS DELTA AREA 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
ZHANGShi-yu XIAOHan-liang 《中国地理科学(英文版)》2003,13(3):259-261
The Changjiang River (Yangtze) is one of the fastest growth areas of container transportation in Chi-na. Rail, road and water transportation have competed against each other for container transportation in the Chang-jiang River main line and its delta area. It is of significance to assess these different transportation modes scientifi-cally in order to organize container transportation efficiently in this area and make decision for integral plan and construction of transportation system in this area. This paper outlines application of fuzzy comprehensive evaluation to appraise different modes of typical direction of containers. Twelve assessment indexes were decided. Membership functions were formulated. Evaluation results indicated that road transportation was optimal mode in the Changjiang River delta area, however water transportation was the primary way in the Changjiang River main line. 相似文献
7.
介绍了模糊控制中的设计思想及方法,并采用模糊控制的方法来改进实际生产中PID控制的一些控制难点。将改进方法应用在一大型水压机控制系统中并在实际生产中取得了理想效果。 相似文献
8.
9.
气相色谱法测定地下水中六六六结果的不确定度评定 总被引:7,自引:4,他引:3
依照《测量不确定度评定与表示》,对气相色谱法测定地下水中六六六(HCH)四种单体结果进行了不确定度评定。分析了测量过程中引入的不确定度来源,包括提取液体积的量取、样品提取溶液的定容体积、分析仪器的进样量、标准系列溶液的测量以及仪器重复测定等分量引入不确定度及其各参数的采集和计算方法,最后合成标准不确定度,通过乘以95%概率下的扩展因子2,获得测量结果的扩展不确定度。 相似文献
10.