Geographical distribution of ecological footprint and sustainability analysis for Liaoning Province

This paper presents the detailed results and analyses on the ecological footprints and bio-capacities of the individual cities and the province as a whole for the year 2001, providing a clear picture of sustainability for the province. Results show that the ecological footprints of most cities in Liaoning exceeded their respective bio-capacities, incurring high ecological deficits. The ecological deficit of the province as a whole was 1.31 ha/cap. Those cities with resources extraction and/or primary material-making as their major industries constitute the "ecologically black band", whose ecological deficits ranged from 2.45 to 5.23 ha/cap, the highest of all cities in the province. Fossil energy consumption was the major source of footprint amounting to 1.63 ha/cap at the provincial level, taking up 67.3% of the total. For cropland, modest ecological surpluses occurred in Jinzhou, Tieling, Huludao, and Panjin while modest ecological deficits in Dalian, Benxi, Fushun, and Dandong, resulting in an overall surplus for the province. Liaoning had a certain level of surplus in fishing ground (water area), mainly distributed in the coastal cities of Dalian, Panjin, Huludao, Yingkou, Jinzhou, and Dandong. Most cities had a small ecological deficit in pasture and all had a small ecological surplus in forest. The eco-efficiency, expressed as GDP value per hectare of footprint, exhibits high variations among the cities, with the highest (Shenyang) more than 10 times the lowest (Fuxin). Cities with manufacture, high-tech, and better developed service industries had high eco-efficiency, while those with resources extraction, primary material-making, and less developed service industries had low eco-efficiency. Based on the components and geographical distribution of ecological footprint, strategic policy implications are outlined for Liaoning's development toward a sustainable future.     

中国西部12省(区市)的生态足迹

在介绍生态足迹的概念和计算方法及目前的研究成果的基础上 ,以西部 1 2个省 (区市 )2 0 0 0年统计年鉴的数据为依据 ,对中国西部地区 1 2个省 (区市 ) 1 999年的生态足迹进行了计算和分析 ,结果表明 ,除云南、西藏 2个省 (区 )的生态足迹为盈余外 ,其余 1 0个省 (区市 )的生态足迹均为赤字。西部地区 1 2个省 (区市 )总人口的生态足迹赤字达 1 62 .5× 1 0 4 km2 ,该数据相当于新疆自治区的国土面积。反映出人类的生产、生活强度超过了生态系统的承载能力 ,区域生态系统处于人类的过度开发利用和压力之下。     

辽宁省生态足迹地理分布及其可持续发展分析

This paper presents the detailed results and analyses on the ecological footprints and bio-capacities of the individual cities and the province as a whole for the year 2001, providing a clear picture of sustainability for the province. Results show that the ecological footprints of most cities in Liaoning exceeded their respective bio-capacities, incurring high ecological deficits. The ecological deficit of the province as a whole was 1.31 ha/cap. Those cities with resources extraction and/or primary material-making as their major industries constitute the “ecologically black band“, whose ecological deficits ranged from 2.45 to 5.23 ha/cap, the highest of all cities in the province. Fossil energy consumption was the major source of footprint amounting to 1.63 ha/cap at the provincial level,taking up 67.3% of the total. For cropland, modest ecological surpluses occurred in Jinzhou, Tiding,Huludao, and Panjin while modest ecological deficits in Dalian, Benxi, Fushun, and Dandong, resulting in an overall surplus for the province. Liaoning had a certain level of surplus in fishing ground (water area), mainly distributed in the coastal cities of Dalian, Panjin, Huludao, Yingkou, Jinzhou, and Dandong. Most cities had a small ecological deficit in pasture and all had a small ecological surplus in forest. The eco-efficiency, expressed as GDP value per hectare of footprint, exhibits high variations among the cities, with the highest (Shenyang) more than 10 times the lowest (Fuxin). Cities with manufacture, high-tech, and better developed service industries had high eco-efficiency, while those with resources extraction, primary material-making, and less developed service industries had low eco-efficiency. Based on the components and geographical distribution of ecological footprint, strategic policy implications are outlined for Liaoning‘s development toward a sustainable future.     

青岛地区生态足迹的初步估算

以青岛地区2002年的统计资料为依据,对该地区的生态足迹进行了计算和分析.结果表明,该地区2002年人均生态足迹为1.541 5 hm~2,生态承载力为0.375 1 hm~2,生态赤字达到1.166 4 hm~2.这说明青岛地区人类活动所产生的压力已经超出自然界的承受能力.通过分析,该地区的能源消耗高,生态赤字较大,农业和林业基本不存在生态赤字,可持续发展度较高,而近年来对海洋的过度开发及排污,导致青岛沿岸海域的生态足迹迅速增加,生态赤字越来越高.旅游产业虽然对生态系统产生了一定压力,但是给当地带来了较大的经济效益,青岛地区每公顷生态足迹可产生1 720美元的产值,高出了1 106美元/hm~2的世界平均值,是中国内地平均产值的4倍.青岛地区生态效益较高,但仍需采取相应措施提高其可持续发展度.