中小企业集群信息技术应用及其影响因素分析 ——-以温岭市鞋业集群为例

近年来， 信息技术的广泛应用正在对产业集群的形成和发展产生着深刻的影响。基于现 代信息技术所形成的网络联系逐渐成为产业集群关系网络的主要内容之一， 是深刻理解产业集 群演化和升级机制的重要方面。特别是， 信息技术可以使产业集群内中小企业空间联系的范围扩 大、时间成本下降， 为其走向全球市场提供便利的条件。本文首先回顾了我国企业信息技术应用 的发展过程与具体形式， 并在此基础上阐述了影响中小企业集群中信息技术应用的主要因素， 最 后以浙江省温岭市鞋业集群为案例分析了这些因素的具体作用。     

National policy and SMEs in technology transfer: the case of Israel

Increasing the rate of climate technology transfer is a critical concern. The international community facilitates the development and deployment of climate technologies for the needs of the South in two primary ways: first, through the use of multilateral frameworks for technology transfer and, second, through in-country capacity building for research, development, and deployment in developing countries. However, scant attention is given to whether national-level frameworks in industrialized countries can support technology transfer. This issue may be of particular relevance to small and medium enterprises (SMEs) in developed countries, due to their relative lack of experience in international markets. The barriers that prevent SMEs from developing and exporting more technologies to the South are identified, by using Israel as a case study. Although Israel is an important global source of climate technology innovation, it currently does not engage much with the developing world. Four principle barriers to greater involvement of OECD SMEs in technology transfer for climate mitigation in developing countries are: (1) lack of knowledge of market needs in developing economies, (2) lack of financial mechanisms to support R&D, (3) lack of opportunities for partnership building, and (4) lack of support for demonstration sites in developing countries.     

中国工业中小企业省区分布及其影响因素

20 世纪90 年代乡镇企业改革以来,中国中小企业空间格局发生了显著变化。现有地理学文献主要关注中小企业空间集聚、集群研究以及八九十年代的中小企业空间分布问题,对于近20 年来宏观层面中小企业空间分布的研究比较薄弱,实证研究尤为缺乏。基于文献回顾,运用GIS 空间分析、测算变差系数CV等方法,分析1997-2010 年中国工业中小企业省区分布的时空格局变化;在此基础上,选取20 个影响因素并建立计量模型,运用SPSS及Eviews软件,系统测算导致中国工业中小企业省区分布变化的影响因素,并根据研究结果提出相关政策建议。研究表明：① 1997-2010 年间,中国工业中小企业的省区分布更加集中、空间差异不断扩大;② 中国工业中小企业省区分布格局是多因素综合作用的结果,其中地区经济实力、金融环境、市场环境及技术创新是首要因素,信息化、劳动力、铁路密度及农业资源是次要因素。     

The differentiated impact of emissions trading system based on company size

Most countries implementing an emissions trading system (ETS), such as EU member states, California in the US, or South Korea, are generally targeting large sized companies, which consume energy above a specific threshold. However, previous studies using computable general equilibrium (CGE) models have analyzed climate policies without considering company size. This may have led to inaccurate results because the impacts of climate policy would differ depending on the coverage of regulated companies. Accordingly, this study examines the environmental and economic impacts of greenhouse gas emission reduction policies, assuming policy results vary by firm size, as covered by the Korean emission trading system. To this end, a CGE model with a separate social accounting matrix based on company size is used to compare three scenarios that reflect different types of carbon pricing methods. The results show that greenhouse gases will be reduced to a lower extent and utility will decrease more if mitigation policies are only imposed to large companies.

Key policy insights

• Carbon pricing policies should consider the different impacts on companies of different sizes and industry sectors.

• Without considering the different sizes of companies covered by an ETS, the expected carbon price and its economic impact will be underestimated.

• Small and medium-sized companies will face more negative impacts than large companies in some industry sectors under an ETS, even if the mitigation burden is only faced by large companies.

     

Internationalization of knowledge-intensive SMEs: The case of petroleum-related suppliers

Carlsson, E. & Dale, B. 2011. Internationalization of knowledge-intensive SMEs: The case of petroleum-related suppliers. Norsk Geografisk Tidsskrift–Norwegian Journal of Geography Vol. 65, 191–201. ISSN 0029-1951.

The internationalization of the knowledge-intensive industries, which predominantly consist of SMEs, has received increased attention recently. However, the existing body of theories of internationalization is not adequate for our understanding of multifaceted knowledge-intensive industries. The authors aim to shed light on knowledge-intensive SMEs’ internationalization and thereafter to illuminate recent theories with a relational perspective on firms and discuss their fruitfulness regarding the internationalization of SMEs of this type. Empirical data are drawn from a case study of 10 Norwegian firms, located in Trondheim, that are connected to the petroleum industry through subcontracting technology and services. The study indicates that the firms based their internationalization processes on a complex mix of modes or strategies, none of which were mutually exclusive. Planned strategies as well as coincidental processes and events seem to have influenced the internationalization decisions. It is argued that in order to understand the contingencies that may affect the process of internationalization, the concept of ‘preactivity’ may be a useful addition to the more well-known concepts of ‘reactive’ and ‘proactive’ strategies. Moreover, it is demonstrated that a relational approach is fruitful in order to understand internationalization processes among knowledge-intensive SMEs.     

湛江市中小企业治理现状分析

采用问卷方法调查湛江市中小企业的治理状况,分析湛江市中小企业治理模式的选择原因,并为提高中小企业治理水平提出建议。湛江市中小企业的治理结构以高度集中的家族治理为特征。中小企业选择家族治理的原因在于对财产权、经营权控制的考虑以及经营风险和交易成本的考虑。加强治理文化建设,改善治理环境,完善职业经理人市场,逐步引导中小企业治理从家族治理向外部专业化治理转化,有助于湛江市中小企业的发展。     

中小企业技术创新行为与创新环境的实证研究——基于广东省785家中小企业的问卷调查

基于广东省785家中小企业问卷调查和访谈的第一手资料,揭示广东省中小企业技术创新行为特征,分析区域创新环境的障碍与前景,剖析中小企业技术创新与区域经济发展的互动关系,给出提高中小企业技术创新能力的对策建议。研究表明:① 近年来广东省中小企业技术创新活动活跃,企业的R&D投入水平相对较高,创新产出绩效一般;企业的技术创新战略以合作战略和模仿战略为主。② 供应商和客户在创新网络中扮演重要角色。③ 提高自身的技术、管理水平是中小企业对外技术合作的主要动因,缺乏高素质劳动力和新技术是制约广东创新活动的重要因素;多数企业对广东创新环境的前景持乐观态度,珠江三角洲仍是其未来新项目投资的首选地。④ 中小企业技术创新能力与区域经济发展水平在数量上呈现显著的相关性,在空间上具有耦合性。     

浅谈测绘中小型企业人力资源管理问题及对策

人力资源对我国测绘中小型企业的发展具有十分重要的意义。本文主要分析我国测绘中小型企业在人力资源管理中通常存在的问题,并在此基础上提出解决问题的方法与应对方法。     

The ecological modernisation of SMEs in the UK’s construction industry

Ecological Modernisation (EM) theorists argue that businesses in industrialised nations are ecologically restructuring in response to market signals, and that economic actors increasingly perceive a business case for sustainability. Whilst UK policymakers urge companies to undertake environmental measures voluntarily on the basis that it will be good for business, a qualitative study exploring the environmental practices of small and medium-sized construction firms found that the opinions of owner-managers had little resonance with this ‘win-win’ rhetoric. Respondents did not perceive the financial returns to be gained from eco-efficiency measures to be significant enough to warrant the short-term investment in time and resources required to pursue them. Moreover, the market was not signalling that product value could be raised or that customers could be won by embracing environmental best practice. The paper concludes by questioning the UK government’s faith in EMs ‘win-win’ ideology to encourage the greening of industry.     

中小企业集群信息技术应用及其影响因素分析 ———以温岭市鞋业集群为例

近年来, 信息技术的广泛应用正在对产业集群的形成和发展产生着深刻的影响。基于现 代信息技术所形成的网络联系逐渐成为产业集群关系网络的主要内容之一, 是深刻理解产业集 群演化和升级机制的重要方面。特别是, 信息技术可以使产业集群内中小企业空间联系的范围扩 大、时间成本下降, 为其走向全球市场提供便利的条件。本文首先回顾了我国企业信息技术应用 的发展过程与具体形式, 并在此基础上阐述了影响中小企业集群中信息技术应用的主要因素, 最 后以浙江省温岭市鞋业集群为案例分析了这些因素的具体作用。