Ex situ echo sounder target strengths of ice krill Euphausia crystallorophias

Ice krill is the keystone species in the neritic ecosystem in the Southern Ocean,where it replaces the more oceanic Antarctic krill. It is essential to understand the variation of target strength(TS in d B re 1 m 2) with the different body size to accurately estimate ice krill stocks. However,there is comparatively little knowledge of the acoustic backscatter of ice krill. The TS of individual,formalin-preserved,tethered ice krill was measured in a freshwater test tank at 38,120,and 200 k Hz with a calibrated split-beam echo sounder system. Mean TS was obtained from 21 individual ice krill with a broad range of body lengths(L :13–36 mm). The length( L,mm) to wet weight( W; mg) relationship for ice krill was W =0.001 218×103 × L 3.53( R 2= 0.96). The mean TS-to-length relationship were TS3 8 k Hz =-177.4+57log 10( L),( R 2 = 0.86); TS 120 k Hz =-129.9+31.56 log 10( L),( R 2 =0.87); and TS 200 k Hz =-117.6+24.66log1 0( L),( R 2 =0.84). Empirical estimates of the relationship between the TS and body length of ice krill were established at 38,120,and 200 k Hz and compared with predictions obtained from both the linear regression model of Greene et al.(1991) and the Stochastic Distorted Wave Born Approximation(SDWBA) model. This result might be applied to improve acoustic detection and density estimation of ice krill in the Southern Ocean. Further comparative studies are needed with in situ target strength including various body lengths of ice krill.     

2002年1月份南极普里兹湾海域南极磷虾(Euphausia superba Dana)的丰度和种群结构研究

对2002年1月份在南极普里兹湾海域三条断面(68.5°E、70.5°E和73°E)用IKMT网采集的幼体后期南极磷虾(E.superba)的水平分布和种群结构进行了研究.南极磷虾主要位于64°S以南的海域,64°S以北磷虾数量很少.南极磷虾的平均丰度和生物量分别为68.85 ind·1 000 m-3和24.16 g...     

鼎湖山木荷(Schima Superba)粗死木质残体的分解研究

以鼎湖山国家自然保护区季风常绿阔叶林优势种之一木荷的粗死木质残体为研究对象,采用目前国际较认可的腐解等级划分方法,对木荷粗死木质残体3个腐解等级(Ⅰ、Ⅱ、Ⅲ)的密度及养分含量进行测定分析.结果表明:①木荷粗死木质残体的密度随腐解等级的增加从0.58 g/cm3下降到0.16 g/cm3,分解速率常数K值为0.144 7/a,在自然状态下,木荷粗死木质残体分解95%所需时间约为21 a;②粗死木质残体C/N比值随分解的进行先降后升而N/P则相反;③K、Ca、Na、Mg离子浓度随腐解等级的增加出现不同程度的增加,但增幅不明显.研究结果旨在为系统评估粗死木质残体的分解行为在生态系统养分循环中的作用提供基础数据.     

肠道荧光法测定大磷虾(Euphausia superba Dana)的肠道排空率和摄食率

在 １９９２～１９９３年度南极夏季期间，用肠道荧光法现场测定大磷虾（Ｅｕ－ ｐｈａｕｓｉａ　ｓｕｐｅｒｂａ　Ｄａｎａ）的肠道排空率和肠道内含物色素水平，并据此计算自然状况下 大磷虾的摄食率。大磷虾的肠道排空率为０．４３／ｈ。次成体（平均体重为１６８．８ｍｇ干 重）和成体（平均体重为 ２７４．３ｍｇ干重）的摄食率分别为 １８０．６±１９．２和 ４６４．４± ２８．３ｎｇ叶绿素ａ／ｈ。自然状况下大磷虾的摄食率与现场测定的 １００ｍ以上水层平均 叶绿素ａ浓度的相关性不大。     

木荷天然林根系分解和养分释放及化学组成变化

运用尼龙网袋法,在福建建瓯万木林自然保护区木荷天然林里进行木荷根系（按直径大小分成0～1 mm、1～2 mm、2～4 mm 3个级别）分解研究.在为期720天的时间里,网袋中所有细根分解均表现出2个快慢不同的阶段.细根在0—360天内分解速度较快,3个径级干质量损失率分别达47.8%、57.2%、39.5%,在后期360—720天内分解速率显著下降.3个径级细根分解过程中N、P浓度都呈现上升趋势;细根化学组成分析显示：不同径级细根的可萃取物浓度呈下降趋势、酸不溶性物质浓度呈上升趋势,酸溶性物质浓度变化平缓.相关分析表明：不同径级细根分解速率与其底物质量指标中的初始N、P养分浓度、可萃取物浓度之间存在显著正相关关系,而与初始的C/P、酸不溶性物质/N、酸不溶性物质/P比呈显著负相关关系.