2000—2020年蒙古高原湖泊变化及其影响因素分析

基于Landsat遥感影像,提取蒙古高原2000—2020年每年1 km²以上湖泊面积信息,分析其时空变化特征。结果表明：(1)2009年之前湖泊面积和数量呈减少趋势,2009年之后呈增加趋势,整体上2000—2020年湖泊面积和数量呈减少趋势。(2)不同等级湖泊变化差异较大,特大型和中型湖泊变化相对稳定,大型湖泊减少幅度最大。(3)不同区域湖泊变化也不同,西北部湖泊变化较稳定,中东部湖泊变化较剧烈。(4)研究区湖泊空间分布集聚性呈异因同向的减弱趋势。(5)湖泊面积与年均气温、年降水量、年蒸发量、植被指数和4层土壤水分的相关关系较为显著,且2个时间段内表现的影响程度有明显差异。掌握蒙古高原湖泊时空变化情况及其原因,对蒙古高原乃至全球的气候调节和生物多样性保护研究提供可参考依据。     

A Dipole Pattern of Summer Precipitation over Mid-high Latitude Asia and Related Snow Cover Anomalies in the Preceding Spring

A dipole pattern of summer precipitation over the mid-high latitudes of Asia, which is characterized by opposing summer precipitation variations between the Mongolian and Northeast China （MNC） region and the West Siberian Plain （WSP）, is found to be clear and stable on both interdecadal and interannual scales during 1981- 2011. Spring snow cover anomalies over a small region within the WSP and the Heilongjiang River （HR） region are closely related to the variation of this dipole mode during the subsequent summer, and they can therefore be considered as forecasting factors. Our statistical results imply a potential process explaining the relationship between the spring snow anomalies and the summer rainfall dipole. Corresponding to the snow anomalies, Rossby waves propagate along a path from the WSP region, via the Mongolian Plateau, to the Stanovoy Range during summer. At the same time, Rossby-wave energy divergences and convergences along this path maintain and reinforce an anomalous cyclone and anticyclone pairing over the Asian continent, which is significantly linked to opposite summer precipitation anomalies between the MNC and WSP regions. Numerical experiments are need- ed to further confirm the above conjecture and demonstrate the detailed physical mechanisms linking the spring snow cover anomalies and summer precipitation dipole.     

蒙古草地地质

“草地”一名,原为当地人之称呼。阴山山脉以北,东起多伦,西逾居延海,北越库伦,面积凡七百余万方公里。青草绿茵,一望无际,所谓“天苍苍,地茫茫,风吹草动见牛羊。”     

绥远百灵庙白云鄂博附近铁矿床

白云鄂博位于绥远之西北,包头之北北东约一七○公里之蒙古高原上,附近为极缓之波状丘陵,地质主要由结晶质石灰岩,变质矽质页岩,片状石英岩及黑云母花岗岩所成,前三者     

An Observational and Numerical Study on the Topographic Influence on Dust Transport in East Asia

Based on observations and numerical simulations, the topographic impacts on dust transport in East Asia were studied. Two regions frequently attacked by dust storms have been confirmed： one is the western part of Inner Mongolia and the southern Mongolia （namely the Mongolia Plateau）, and the other is the Tarim Basin. The most frequent dust storm occurrence area within the first region appears in its hinterland while that of the second one lies in its southern boundary. Moreover, the region from the northeastern edge of the Tibetan Plateau （TP） to the Loess Plateau is attacked by dust storms second frequently. The dust storms frequently occurring over the Mongolia Plateau axe related not only to the abundant sand and dust sources, but also to the special topographic conditions of East Asia. The most significant factor that influences the dust storms forming in the hinterland of the Mongolia Plateau is the canyon low level jet （CLLJ）, which dominates around the southern areas of the Altay-Sayan Mountains with an east-west direction in the beginning of its formation, and is accompanied by significantly enhanced surface wind afterwards. Due to the obstructive effects of the CLLJ, a lot of dust particles carried by the southward down-slope cold air mass would pile up over the southern slope of the Sayan Mountains. Meanwhile, uneven surface conditions are favorable for the dust particles to go up into the upper atmosphere. With the dust particles piling up continuously, a dust layer is formed in the troposphere and can be recognized as a ＇!dust accumulating container＂, which provides abundant dust particles to be transported later to the downstream areas. Additionally, the topographic features of East Asia also exert a great influence on dust transport. Generally, the easterly CLLJ enhances the easterly dust transport. The down-slope air current over the southern Sayan Mountains and the air flow surrounding the TP near its northeastern edge enhance the southward dust transport. Lastly, weather system influences are also examined. The weathers associated with cold fronts frequently appear over the areas of Mongolia and North China in springtime. The cold front system, in general, carries the sand and dust southwards. Among all topographic influencing elements, the rounding effect of the TP is the strongest. Under the combined influences of the cold front and the rounding effect of topography, most sand and dust particles are transported and then deposited over the Loess Plateau.     

封面照片：军都山

军都山位于北京市北部,又称北山,属燕山山系,为镶嵌着若干山间盆地的一系列挤压单斜断块山,花岗岩等岩浆岩和古老变质岩广布,发育有潮河、白河等河流。军都山南抵北京平原,北连蒙古高原,在地形上表现为不连续的断块山脉,地势由南向北呈阶梯状增高。受地质构造控制,     

内蒙古二连浩特白垩纪恐龙地质公园

内蒙古二连浩特市,"一座异域风情的魅力边城,一个世界闻名的恐龙之乡"。这里是蒙古高原最早发现恐龙化石和恐龙蛋化石的地方,早在20世纪20年代,举世瞩目的中亚考察团就在这里取得了一系列重要考察成果,此后的近百年间,我国古生物学者在这里先后发现并命名了十余个新属种的恐龙化石。新千     

蒙古高原NDVI的空间格局及空间分异

基于GIMMS NDVI多年最大值合成数据,采用空间统计学方法,利用Moran’ s I系数分析、半变异函数分析以及分维分析等3种方法,对蒙古高原NDVI空间格局及空间分异特征进行研究。结果表明:(1)蒙古高原NDVI的空间分布在全局范围内呈现正的空间自相关,相似的NDVI值倾向于聚集在一起,这表明蒙古高原植被具有较好的整体性,地表植被无显著破碎化;(2)蒙古高原NDVI的空间分布虽然同时受到结构性因子和随机性因子的影响,但结构性因子占据绝对控制地位,结构性因子引起的空间变异占系统总变异的88.7%;(3)蒙古高原NDVI存在各向异性的分布特征,具有相似NDVI值的像元主要沿着西北-东南方向展布;全局NDVI空间自相关距离约为1178km,西北-东南方向与东北-西南方向的空间自相关距离比可达2.4 ∶ 1。     

近56a蒙古高原草原地上净初级生产力变化

草原生产力及其对气候变化的响应是全球变化研究的热点。利用ArcGIS插值技术，将蒙古高原32个气象站点数据插值成1°×1°的格点数据，然后利用CENTURY模型模拟了蒙古高原1961—2016年草原地上净初级生产力（ANPP）时空分布特征。结果表明：（1） CENTURY模型模拟的蒙古高原草原ANPP时空分布能够很好地反映该区域草原生产力的变化，草原ANPP分布由北向南，由东向西逐渐减少。（2） 草甸草原和典型草原单产均呈波动下降趋势，草甸草原下降速率较大，荒漠草原单产呈波动上升趋势，草原总产以典型草原最大，荒漠草原面积虽然最大，但总产最低。（3） 降水对草原生产力起主导作用，湿期会有荒漠草原→典型草原→草甸草原的转化，而干期的转化过程正好相反。从暖湿期→冷干期转换时，蒙古草原总产下降幅度最大，相反，则增产幅度最大。     

中国冬季气团界面与气旋

我国冬季(十一月至三月)在极地大陆气团(Ps)控制之下,几成独占之势,其源地为西伯利亚及蒙古高原,或甚至可溯源於北冰洋。惟北冰洋气团,既至此区,停积日久,必与本区原有之空气具同一性质。且冬李极圈以内,冰天雪地,故其上之空气,秉性原即寒燥,与西伯利亚或蒙古高原上者本少有殊异,吾人为简便起见,即可视西