VERTICAL PROFII,ES OF CHL-A AND PRIMARY PRODUCTIVITY IN THE MIDDLE CONTINENTAL SHELF AREA AND EDDY AREA OF THE EAST CHINA SEA

Vertical profiles of chl-a and primary productivity in the middle continental shelf area and eddy area of the East China Sea were studied using data from a cruise in the East China Sea in February to March, 1997 and a cruise in July, 1998. The results showed that chl-a vertical distribution closely related to in situ hydrological and nutrient conditions. Chla-a concentration ranged from 0.22 to 0.35 mg/m³ and 0.93–1.09 mg/m³ in the eddy area and in the middle continental shelf area, respectively. In both areas, chl-a concentrations in deep layers were slightly higher than those in shallow layers, but was of the same order of magnitude. In summer, when a thermocline existed in the water column, highest chl-a concentrations appeared at the base of the thermocline layers in both areas. In the eddy area, chl-a concentration maximized at 31.743 mg/m³, and averaged 1.143 mg/m³ below 30 m depth. In the middle continental shelf area, the highest chl-a concentration was 2.120 mg/m³, the average was 1.168 mg/m³. The primary productivity reached 1418.76 mgC/(m²·d) in summer and 1360.69 mgC/(m²·d) in winter. In the eddy area, the primary productivity was 787.50 mgC/(m²·d) in summer and 159.04 mgC/(m²·d) in winter. Vertical carbon sinking rate from the deep layer to the bottom in both areas is also discussed in this paper. Contribution NO. 4183 from the Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences. Project No. 49636210 supported by NSFC.     

The Effect of Solar Activity on the Annual Precipitation in the Beijing Area

Using continuous wavelet transform, we examine the relationship between solar activity and the annual precipitation in the Beijing area. The results indicate that the annual precipitation is closely related to the variation of sunspot numbers, and that solar activity probably plays an important role in influencing the precipitation on land.     

用谱回归方程计算鄂霍次克海风暴增水

研究了天气频段非周期性水位振动与风和大气压力的关系，根据对水位振动，风和大气压力进行的谱分析，确定了大约在５，１０，１５￣２０ｄ周期存在天气最大值，为鹗霍次克海５个站建立了普通回归方程和谱回归方程，并对水位升高的观测值和计算值做了比较，可看出，使用谱回归方程的计算结果与线性回归方程计算结果相比较有实质性改善。     

珠江口近30a的SST变化特征分析

根据珠江口多个定点站近30a表层海水温度（SST）实测资料和气象站观测的气温资料，使用功率谱和小波分析方法，计算分析珠江口SST变化特点、上升趋势及其与El Nino／La Nino的响应关系．结果表明各月SST存在着1-2℃的海域差异，SST的年较差达10～11℃，SST的季节变化与全球气候变暖呈显著相关．1971-2003年SST呈显著上升趋势，其线性上升率为0．019～0．034℃／a，且珠江口外高于口内．El Nino／La Nino事件对珠江口SST变化的影响并非单一的对应关系．     

A method of determining dominant wave direction from multiparameter hydrological gauge measurements and its application

Multi-parameter hydrological gauge is an instrument developed by the South China Sea Institute of Oceanology,the Chinese Academy of Sciences to make simultaneous observation of current, wave, tide, water temperature and conductivity.By using the well-known "PUV method", the directional wave spectrum can be calculated and the dominant wave direction is then obtained.The comparison of the dominant wave directions derived from the measurements using both the multi-parameter hydrological gauge and the MARK Ⅱ "Wave-Rider" directional buoy shows that the dominant wave directions derived from the two kinds of measurements are in good agreement.     

生态水文研究前沿问题及生态水文观测试验

自1987年Ingram HAP提出生态水文学概念以来,生态水文学得到了快速的发展。2007年,“生态水文学与环境可持续性”已成为UNESCO/IHP第7阶段计划的主题之一。回顾了生态水文学概念的变迁,综述了有关术语及其科学内涵,简要分析了水循环与生物地球化学循环、水文与生态系统相互作用、水文过程与生命过程耦合、绿水及其生态作用等方面关注的科学问题及其观测研究进展;介绍了黑河流域生态水文学研究的初步认识。     

δ^13C-δ^18O Covariance： An Effective Indicator of Hydrological Closure for Lakes？

The correlation between theδ~(13)C andδ~(18)O in primary carbonates is affected by several factors such as hydrological balance,total CO_2 concentrations,climatic condition and lake productivity. The influence of these factors on theδ~(13)C-δ~(18)O correlation may be different on different time scales.In this paper,two different-type lakes in southwestern China,Lake Erhai and Lake Chenghai,are selected to investigate the influence of climatic pattern on theδ~(13)C-δ~(18)O correlation and to evaluate the reliability of theδ~(13)C-δ~(18)O covariance as an indicator of hydrological closure.The results show that there exists good correlation between theδ~(13)C andδ~(18)O in Lake Erhai (overflowing open lake) and in Lake Chenghai (closed lake).This suggests that theδ~(13)C-δ~(18)O covariance may be not an effective indicator of hydrological closure for lakes,especially on short time scales.On the one hand,a hydrologically open lake may display covariantδ~(13)C andδ~(18)O as a result of climatic influence.The particular alternate warm-dry and cold-wet climatic pattern in southwestern China may be the principal cause of theδ~(13)C-δ~(18)O covariance in Lake Erhai and Lake Chenghai.On the other hand,a hydrologically closed lake unnecessarily displays covariant trends betweenδ~(13)C andδ~(18)O because of the buffering effect of high CO_2 concentration on theδ~(13)C shift in byper-alkaline lakes.We should be prudent when we use the covariance betweenδ~(13)C andδ~(18)O to judge the hydrological closure of lake.     

同位素水文学与水资源、水环境

同位素水文学 (ｉｓｏｔｏｐｅｈｙｄｒｏｌｏｇｙ)是 2 0世纪 5 0年代发展起来的一门新兴学科 ,它主要利用同位素技术解决水文学中一些关键问题 .众所周知 ,同位素是指原子核内质子数相同中子数不同的那些原子 ,可分为稳定同位素和放射性同位素 2种 .前者指目前尚未发现存在放射性衰变的同位素 ,而后者则指具有放射性衰变的同位素 .存在于自然界的上述 2种同位素称为天然同位素或环境同位素 ,目前在水文学中常用的环境同位素有2 Ｈ、3 Ｈ、3 Ｈｅ、4Ｈｅ、13 Ｃ、14Ｃ、18Ｏ、3 4 Ｓ、3 6Ｃｌ等 .不同类型的水 (海水、湖水、河水、地下水 ,…     

The relationship betwwen ENSO cycle and high and low—flow in the upper Yellow River

Firstly,the hydrological and meteorological features of the upper reaches of the Yellow River above Tangnag are analyzed based on observation data,and effects of El Nino and La Nina events on the high and low flow in the upper Yellow River are discussed.The results show El Nino and La Nina events possess consanguineous relationship with runoff in the upper Yellow River.As a whole,the probability of low flow occurrence in the upper Yellow River is relatively great along with the occurrence of El Nino event.Moreover,the flood in the upper Yellow River occurs frequently with the occurrence of La Nina event.Besides,the results also show dissimilarity of El Nino event occurring time exerts greater impact on high flow and low flow in the upper Yellow River,that is,the probability of drought will be greater in the same year if El Nino event occurs in spring,the high-flow may happen in this year if El Nino occurs in summer or autumn;the longer the continuous period of El Nino is,the lower the runoff in the upper Yellow River is.