银盐法测定地表水和生活饮用水中的砷

使用二乙基二硫代氨基甲酸银（简称ＤＤＣ－Ａｇ）－三乙醇胺－氯仿吸收法测定地表水和生活饮用水中的砷，常用的ＤＤＣ－Ａｇ与吡啶法相比较，具有重现性好、准确度高，且无恶臭与剧毒等优点。该法测得的精密度和加标准回收率分别为２．２％和１０１．４％，满足了地表水和饮用水对砷测定的要求。     

济南泉域浅层地下水水化学同位素研究

文章系统地分析了济南泉域浅层地下水(第四系孔隙水)和地表水的水化学成分和氢氧稳定同位素,并结合当地地形和水文条件,研究了不同地段浅层地下水和地表水的不同补给来源,揭示了浅层地下水与岩溶水的水力联系,得出浅层地下水在市区和东郊以降水入渗补给为主;在西郊和平安店则以岩溶水顶托补给和地表水(河水和水库水)入渗补给为主、当地降水入渗为辅的结论。为保护泉水、优化泉域内地下水开采方案提供了重要依据。     

SWMS二维地表水水流和溶质运移模型系统 GWMS三维地下水水流和溶质运移模型系统

中国水利水电科学研究院开发研制了地表水和地下水资源评价系列应用软件。全部软件基于Windows环境,完全可视化操作界面。软件系统适合于各类水体环境、地下水源地或区域地下水资源评价和预测预报。软件实用高效,在国内已拥有众多用户,并得到用户一致好评。     

贵阳地表水—地下水的硫和氯同位素组成特征及其污染物示踪意义

喀斯特地表水和地下水的交换活跃,地下水系统容易受到地表污染物的污染。为了解喀斯特城市地表水—地下水系统污染特征和污染物质来源,对贵阳市地表水、地下水、雨水和城市排污污水的硫同位素和氯同位素组成变化进行了研究。贵阳市不同类型水体的δ³⁷Cl值在-4.07‰～+2.03‰之间变化,δ34SSO4值变化为-20.4‰～+20.9‰。大气输入物质和城市排污污水的δ³⁷Cl、δ³⁴S及Cl^-/SO₄^2-比值与地表水和地下水的不同,稳定硫和氯同位素的结合研究为示踪地下水污染物来源提供了有效研究手段。贵阳市地下水中的Cl^-和SO^₄2-至少有4种来源,人为活动通过城市排污和大气输入向地下水系统大量输入了硫酸盐和氯离子。      

黄土台缘滑坡地表水入渗问题分析

黄土塬区提灌工程保证了农业生产,却造成了地下水位大幅抬升,使得近年来黄土台缘滑坡不断发生。黄土滑坡一个普遍特征就是后缘发育地裂缝以及落水洞,使地表水（灌溉水以及降雨）直接灌入坡体,诱发了大量黄土滑坡。因此,地表水入渗对于黄土滑坡机理研究以及滑坡防治具有重要意义。文章基于对陕西泾阳南塬黄土滑坡的现场调查,对黄土台缘滑坡地表水入渗工程地质问题进行了初步分析,包括：①地表水入渗与落水洞形成机制;②地表水入渗途径及其与黄土滑坡发育过程的关系;③降雨因素对于黄土滑坡的影响程度。     

Environmental impacts from mining at Taojiang Mn ore deposit, central Hunan, China

The Taojiang Mn ore deposit was exploited in the early 1960s, and waste rocks were developed since then. Because the Mn ores were hosted within the metal-enriched black shales （Peng et al., 2004）, the continuous mining has led to the exposure of an immense quality of black shales, which might cause serious impacts on environments. The present study deals with this environmental issue with samples from the waste rocks, and from the surrounding soils and surface water. The mineralogy of the waste rock was studied using EMPA, then a large number of elements in all waste rock, soil, and water samples were analyzed at a wide range of concentrations with high accuracy using an Elan6000 ICP-MS machine at Guangzhou Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences. The waste rock is composed mostly of black shales, with minor Mn carbonates. Both black shales and Mn carbonates of the waste rock contain many sulfide minerals, mainly pyrite, with minor galena, sphalerite, chalcopyrite, and others. The waste rocks are enriched in many metals including Sc, V, Cr, Co, Ni, Fe, Mn, Cu, Zn, Pb, Th, U, Mo, Sb, Sn, Tl, and others, and the metals are mostly hosted within the sulfides. Weathering of waste rocks might cause emission of the following metals： V, Cd, Ni, Th, U, Mo, Sb, Tl, Sc, Cr, Cu, Zn, Sn, and minor Co, and Pb. The surrounding soils are highly enriched in Cr, Co, Cu, Zn, Mn, Mo, Cd, Tl, and Pb, with the enrichment factors of 2.67.3.8, 7.26, 7.27, 8.2, 5.7, 13, and 5.4, respectively. The element ratios （Rb/Cs, Fe/Mn, Nb/Zr, Hf/Zr, and Ba/Sr） and REE distribution patterns of the soils are similar to those of the waste rocks and bedrocks.     

The effect of acid deposition on base cation cycling in a karstic-forested catchment： Evidence from strontium isotopes

Bedrock weathering and atmospheric deposition are the two primary sources of base cations （K^＋, Na^＋, Ca^2＋ and Mg^2＋） to forest ecosystems. Therefore, the key problem is to understand the relative inputs from these two sources and the cycling in the ecosystem. This study focuses on the effects of acid deposition on cation cycling in a small-forested karstic catchment in Guizhou Province. Sr isotope ratios were used as a tracer for understanding the transport process between the different cation pools： rock, soil, surface water, atmospheric deposition and plant. The samples of wet deposition, total deposition, throughfall, surface and ground waters, vegetation, and soil were monthly collected. The exchangeable Sr^2＋ and Ca^2＋ in soil samples were extracted by using 1 M ammonium acetate. The leaf-tissue samples were ashed at 550℃, and the residue was digested in ultrapure HClO4 and HNO3. All water samples were filtrated through 0.45 μm aperture filter paper. Base cation concentrations and Sr isotopic composition were analyzed for all the samples. The results show that acid deposition （average pH 4.9） frequently occurred in the studied region. Cation abundance follows an increasing manner from rainwater, throughfall, to surface water or ground water samples, suggesting that acid deposition at first eiuviates Ca^2＋ , Mg^2＋ and Sr^2＋ from leaf, then the exchangeable cations from soil, and at last cations accumulate in surface water or ground water.     

辽河干流铁岭段近五年水质污染趋势分析

依据辽河干流铁岭段4个水质监测断面近5年的监测数据,对主要超标项目的变化趋势进行分析,并对开发、保护和利用水资源以及加强水资源的管理,提出了合理化建议.     

杜尔伯特湿地所在区域生态环境的调查

1区域生态环境与自然资源简状 1．1地貌 杜尔伯特蒙古族自治县位于黑龙江省西南部．嫩江下游左岸，占据松嫩平原最低平的部分。起伏不大，平均海拔高度135～145m。嫩江纵贯本县西部，流经146．7km。乌裕尔河从县北部流入，呈无尾河漫流。江河水带来大量泥沙，在风力搬运和堆积作用下，形成连绵起伏的沙岗。乌裕尔河一部分渗入地下。抬高地下水位，部分汇集地表洼地，形成区域内星罗棋布的大小湖泡，像繁星一样撒遍草原。由于排水不畅。地表水长期不外流，加之县域内气候干旱、年蒸发量远远大于降水量，使水溶性盐分逐渐积聚于地表，