珠江口盆地惠州地区珠江组砂体上倾尖灭的地质-地球物理“逐级预测”方法

砂体上倾尖灭油气藏是岩性油气藏中重要类型之一,砂体上倾尖灭的刻画与描述是上倾尖灭圈闭有效性评价的关键。在以三角洲前缘沉积为主构成的三级层序内,三角洲沉积相关砂体上倾尖灭的地质-地球物理“逐级预测”描述方法对于认识上倾尖灭油气藏分布规律及其油气勘探具有重要意义。该方法由5个部分组成:在三级层序识别的基础上,运用高精度层序地层划分技术建立了四级层序构成的高频层序地层格架;在高频层序约束下,利用地震沉积学技术描述沉积相的平面分布;在地质模型指导下,利用频谱成像技术定性确定尖灭带的分布;利用相控储层反演半定量、定量预测砂体尖灭线;根据不同成因砂体的沉积特点,利用正演模拟技术开展尖灭线的外推预测。     

Deep-sea fan pinch-out geometries and their relationship to fan architecture,Tanqua Karoo basin (South Africa)

Exceptional exposures of Permian basin floor fans (fans 3, 4) and a slope fan (fan 5) in the Tanqua Karoo foreland basin of South Africa have enabled an investigation of the relation between the pinch-out geometries and fan architecture. The pinch-out geometry of fan 3 is characterized by the down dip transition from thin to medium bedded sheet deposits to pinch-out fingers, which are overlain by younger prograding sheet deposits. This geometry reflects the progradational stacking pattern of the fan. In contrast, the fan 4 pinch-out fingers consist of stacked channel fills in the same conduit. This pinch-out configuration relates to the dominant aggradational style observed on the mid and distal parts of fan 4. Fan 5 represents a slope fan comprising an axial channel conduit, which branches down slope into three distributary channels. The distal fan is characterized by larger channel fills, which may represent bypass channels to other basin floor fans. The very thick-bedded nature of the youngest channel fill unit suggests early bypass followed by retrogradation as indicated by the presence of thinner bedded heterolithic channel fill deposits along the axial conduit. Although some of the massive pinch-out channels exhibit basal scour, their depositional morphology suggests that they mainly originated due to the infill of subtle topographic depressions by low concentration turbidity currents. Instead of describing these features as channel fills, the use of the term pinch-out fingers is preferred.     

塔河地区S112-2井区志留系油藏主控因素分析及重要意义

志留系柯坪塔格组柯三段是塔北地区重要含油层段,通过对S112-2井区油藏解剖,明确该区志留系油藏主控因素,即早期油藏破坏与晚期成藏并存、构造-地层削蚀不整合控藏.研究表明,地层削蚀不整合对油气疏导、次生孔隙形成具重要作用.进一步明确塔河南地区志留系勘探方向和思路,各层段尖灭线位置是核心,构造精细解释落实圈闭是勘探成功关...     

虚拟钻孔控制的三维地质体模型构建方法

在三维地质体模型构建过程中所采用的数据多为钻孔数据,而研究区域内原始钻孔数据通常数量有限且分布不均,难以构建出既能够准确地反映研究区域地质构造,又具有良好可视化效果的三维地质体模型。针对此问题,本文对虚拟钻孔概念进行延伸,提出了用于三维地质体建模不同阶段的三种虚拟钻孔概念,并基于此设计了一种虚拟钻孔控制的三维地质体模型构建方法。首先,根据原始钻孔数据空间分布特征,自适应地确定插值点位,并采用克里金插值算法构建插值加密虚拟钻孔;其次,根据尖灭规则构建尖灭处理虚拟钻孔,采用改进的自适应蝴蝶细分算法构建细分光滑虚拟钻孔;最后,利用原始钻孔、插值加密虚拟钻孔、尖灭处理虚拟钻孔,以及细分光滑虚拟钻孔构建研究区域内符合地统计学规律且具有C¹几何连续性,可视化效果良好的三维地质体模型。与将虚拟钻孔作为专家知识补充手段的传统建模方法不同,该建模方法将虚拟钻孔引入三维地质体构建的各个环节中作为核心的算法中间单元,有效简化了建模算法的实现过程,确保了算法的稳定性与高效性。     

地震属性技术在岩性油藏滚动开发中的应用——以江苏墩塘地区为例

讨论了江苏苏北盆地金湖凹陷墩塘地区三维开发区内戴南组的油藏圈闭类型、规模。充分运用地震技术进行全三维解释 ;利用水平切片研究断层的平面组合 ,并进行构造精细解释 ;利用模型正演 (AIMS)技术 ,研究目的层段地震波的形成机理 ,对地震剖面上T52 反射层的上超点与真正目的层的上超点间的关系进行分析 ;利用ISIS全局优化的多道反演系统技术 ,追踪并预测主要目的层段的砂体 ,圈定了砂体分布的可能范围 ,确定了含油范围     

Pinch-out style and position of tidally influenced strata in a regressive–transgressive wave-dominated deltaic sandbody, Twentymile Sandstone, Mesaverde Group, NW Colorado

The Upper Cretaceous Twentymile Sandstone of the Mesaverde Group in NW Colorado, USA, has been analysed with respect to its pinch‐out style and the stratigraphic position of tidally influenced facies within the sandstone tongue. Detailed sedimentological analysis has revealed that the Twentymile Sandstone as a whole is a deltaic shoreface sandstone tongue up to 50 m thick proximally. Facies change character vertically from very fine‐grained, storm wave‐dominated shelf sandstones and mudstones to fine‐grained, wave‐dominated sandstones and, finally, to fine‐ to coarse‐grained tidally dominated sandstones. The pinch‐out style is characterized by a basinward splitting of the massive proximal sandbody into seven coarsening‐upward fourth‐order sequences consisting of a lower shaly part and an upper sandy part (sandstone tongue). These are stacked overall to reflect the regressive‐to‐transgressive development of the tongue. Each of the lower sandstone tongues 1–3 are gradationally based, very fine‐grained and dominated by hummocky cross‐stratification and were deposited on the lower to upper shoreface. Sandstone tongues 4 and 5 prograded further basinwards than the underlying tongues, are erosively based, fine‐ to coarse‐grained and mainly hummocky, herringbone and trough cross‐stratified. Especially in tongue 5, tidal indicators, such as bipolar foresets and double mud drapes, are common. These tongues were deposited as upper shoreface and tidal channel sandstones respectively. Sandstone tongues 6 and 7 retrograded in relation to tongue 5, are very fine‐ to fine‐grained and hummocky cross‐stratified. These tongues were deposited in lower shoreface to offshore transition environments. The two lower fourth‐order sequences were deposited during normal regressions during slowly rising or stable relative sea level and represent the highstand systems tract. The three succeeding fourth‐order sequences, which show succeedingly increasing evidence of tidal influence, were deposited during falling and lowstand of relative sea level and represent the falling stage (forced regressive) and lowstand systems tracts. The uppermost two fourth‐order sequences were deposited during rapidly rising sea level in the transgressive systems tract. The maximum tidal influence occurred during lowstand progradation, in contrast to most other published examples reporting maximum tidal influence during transgression.