Computation of Viscous Uniform and Shear Flow over A Circular Cylinder by A Finite Element Method

The incompressible viscous uniform and shear flow past a circular cylinder is studied. The two-dimensional Navier-Stokes equations are solved by a finite element method. The governing equations are discretized by a weighted residual method in space. The stable three-step scheme is applied to the momentum equations in the time integration. The numerical model is firstly applied to the computation of the lid-driven cavity flow for its validation. The computed results agree well with the measured data and other numerical results. Then, it is used to simulate the viscous uniform and shear flow over a circular cylinder for Reynolds numbers from lO0 to lO00. The transient time interval before the vortex shedding occurs is shortened considerably by introduction of artificial perturbation. The computed Strouhal number, drag and lift coefficients agree well with the experimental data. The computation shows that the finite element model can be successfully applied to the viscous flow problem.     

Modelling of flow around a near-bed pipeline with a spoiler

Flow around a pipeline with and without a spoiler near a smooth wall is simulated by solving the Navier–Stokes equations. Finite-difference formulation with a second-order upwind scheme in a curvilinear coordinate system is employed. The influences of the spoiler on hydrodynamic forces, pressure distribution, vortex shedding frequency, velocity profile under the pipe, as well as shear stress on the wall are investigated. The attachment of a spoiler significantly increases drag, root-mean-square (RMS) lift, flow through the gap between the pipe and the wall and shear stress on the seabed around the pipe. The spoiler also generates a non-zero mean downward force on the pipeline, which may enhance the self-burial of the pipeline.     

Free spanning analysis of offshore pipelines

A rigorous procedure was established on the free span analysis of offshore pipelines. The closed form solutions of the beam–column equation, considering tension and compressive force, were derived for the various possible boundary conditions. The solutions can be used to find the natural frequencies of the free spans using the energy balance concept. The results can be applied to improve the current design codes. The improved procedure will yield more realistic calculations of the allowable free span lengths of offshore pipelines. Some calculations are included to present the sensitivity of the axial forces on the allowable free spanning lengths.     

龙口平均海平面变化原因的研究

本文通过对实测海平面高度的对比，发现龙口平均海平面从１９９１年起有明显的升高趋势。作者猜测此乃龙口在码头扩建后有系统下沉所致。     

Eddy Shedding from the Kuroshio Bend at Luzon Strait

TOPEX/POSEDIENT-ERS satellite altimeter data along with the mean state from the Parallel Ocean Climate Model result have been used to investigate the variation of Kuroshio intrusion and eddy shedding at Luzon Strait during 1992–2001. The Kuroshio penetrates into the South China Sea and forms a bend. The Kuroshio bend varies with time, periodically shedding anticyclonic eddies. Criteria of eddy shedding are identified: 1) When the shedding event occurs, there are usually two centers of high Sea Surface Height (SSH) together with negative geostrophic vorticity in the Kuroshio Bend (KB) area. 2) Between the two centers of high SSH there usually exists positive geostrophic vorticity. These criteria have been used to determine the eddy shedding times and locations. The most frequent eddy shedding intervals are 70, 80 and 90 days. In both the winter and summer monsoon period, the most frequent locations are 119.5°E and 120°E, which means that the seasonal variation of eddy shedding location is unclear.     

软土海岸地区测量控制点标志的设立

分析了软土、湿地、滩涂地区特殊地理环境对测量控制点的影响;主要探讨了此类地区控制点标志的设计、施工。借助于建筑桩基技术和道桥施工方法,首次成功实现了某三角洲湿地滩涂地区统一布网。几年来,结合滩涂湿地测量、海岸防护和滩涂开发工程对部分控制点进行了初步检测,给出了部分检测数据。应用和检测均表明:桩基标石可较好地解决软土、湿地、滩涂地区控制点布设难题,显著提高软土海岸地区测量控制点标志的稳固性,从而延长控制网的可使用期。     

Sequence stratigraphy of a Late Devonian ramp-situated reef system in the Western Canada Sedimentary Basin: dynamic responses to sea-level change and regressive reef development

The Alexandra Formation, located in the Northwest Territories of Canada, is formed of a Late Devonian (Frasnian) reef system that developed on a gently sloping, epicontinental ramp in the Western Canada Sedimentary Basin. High‐resolution sequence stratigraphic analysis of its deposits delineates two reef complexes that are separated by a Type I sequence boundary. The second reef complex developed on the outer ramp, basinward of the first, after sea‐level fell ≈17 m. Stratigraphic complexity of the second reef complex was a result of its initiation during forced regression, and its development through an entire cycle of sea‐level rise followed by sea‐level fall. Its highstand systems tract was not characterized by high rates of carbonate production or sediment shedding. Rather, these features took place as sea‐level fell, after its highstand systems tract. The sequence stratigraphic framework of this regressive reef system highlights a number of depositional parameters that differ from high‐relief, shelf‐situated reef systems with steep, narrow margins. These have implications for understanding the controls on the development of ramp‐situated reef systems, and the nature of reef systems with gently sloping profiles. This study demonstrates that the development of stromatoporoid reef systems may be far more complex than generally realized, and that high‐resolution sequence stratigraphy may provide the tools for better understanding of complex, often enigmatic, aspects of these systems.     

Geolord-AT空三加密软件处理数码航片的方法

在Geolord-AT空三加密软件中对数码航片进行框标定向的前期处理，创建带有框标的数码航片或者直接创建内定向的＊．kb文件，使数码航片顺利按要求通过内定向。     

《CT理论与应用研究》杂志新刊标和地幔速度模型的说明

在《ＣＴ理论与应用研究》杂志１９９４~２００１年本杂志“刊标”的基础上,在其上方增加了象征三维体视学成像的三角形四面体的透视图;该刊标的右下侧为医学断面成像扫描仪(包括各种Ｘ－ＣＴ机与核磁共振ＭＲＩ扫描仪等);其左下侧为三维地幔速度模型和地球核的示意图,切出有两个地幔剖面,表示纵波速度二维变化的剖面。该速度剖面系根据赵大鹏教授的理论和计算方法,按照地球上的两个大圆弧做计算和绘制的彩色图,排在本期封４:第一大圆弧,从北极经西巴基斯坦(２８°Ｎ, ６４°Ｅ)到马尔代夫群岛(３°Ｎ,７３°Ｅ);第二大圆弧从马尔代夫群岛点(３°Ｎ,７３°Ｅ)连接巴布新几内亚之南点(１２°Ｓ,１５０°Ｅ),来计算两剖面速度分布并作图的结果,其具体分布参见封４的两条彩色剖面和相应的地理位置图。由于赵教授这篇论文[１]在中国国内只有很少数图书馆收藏,在Ｅｌｓｅｖｉｅｒ Ｓｃｉｅｎｃｅ的ＥＰＳＬ网站上一般人只能查到摘要,本刊对于该地幔速度模型的制作方法和所用数据资料,该模型的优越性和特征进行了叙述,他所用的地震事件数目,多达７１２８个;用于层析反演成像的震相到时数多到近一百万条。该速度如下的特点:在所采用的速度结构中,包含用几个复杂形状的地质速度界面,如莫霍面,以及下沉板块的分界     

湖泊水下扇沉积特征及影响因素--以伊通盆地莫里青断陷双阳组为例

伊通盆地莫里青断陷始新统双阳组发育典型的湖泊水下扇体。根据岩心、测井和地震资料 ,并结合粒度分析等方法 ,将其划分为内扇、中扇和外扇亚相及某干微相。影响水下扇形成和分布的主要因素是 :同生断裂的活动造就了陡坡地形 ,其幕式活动成为水下扇形成的触发机制 ;阵发型水下扇主要发育在陡坡带 ,稳定型水下扇主要发育在扇三角洲的前端 ,气候因素也为稳定型水下扇形成创造了物源条件 ;基准面升降影响着水下扇的相序特征 ,低水位体系域和水退体系域易形成推进型水下扇 ,水进体系域易形成退缩型水下扇 ;半深湖 -深湖的滞水条件是水下扇得以保存的前提。统计结果表明本区获工业油气流的井主要集中在中扇 ,其中辫状水道微相最为富集。