Partial melting during tectonic exhumation of a granulite terrane: an example from the Larsemann Hills, East Antarctica

Anatectic migmatites in medium- to low-pressure granulite facies metasediments exposed in the Larsemann Hills, East Antarctica, contain leucosomes with abundant quartz and plagioclase and minor interstitial K-feldspar, and assemblages of garnet–cordierite–spinel–ilmenite–sillimanite. Qualitative modelling in the system K₂O–FeO–MgO–Al₂O₃–SiO₂–H₂O–TiO₂–O₂, in conjunction with various P–T calculations indicate that the high-grade retrograde evolution of the terrane was dominated by decompression from peak conditions of c. 7 kbar at c. 800 °C to 4–5 kbar at c. 750 °C. Extensive partial melting during decompression involved the replacement of biotite by the assemblage cordierite–garnet–spinel within the leucosomes. These leucosomes represent the site of partial melt generation, the cordierite–garnet–spinel–ilmenite assemblage representing the solid products and excess reactants from the melting reaction. The extraction and accumulation of this decompression-generated melt led to the formation of syntectonic pegmatites and extensive granitic plutons. Leucosome development and terrane decompression proceeded during crustal transpression, synchronous with upper crustal extension, during a progressive Early Palaeozoic collisional event. Subsequent retrograde evolution was characterized by cooling, as indicated by the growth of biotite replacing spinel and garnet, thin mantles of cordierite replacing spinel and quartz within metapelites, and garnet replacing orthopyroxene and hornblende within metabasites. P–T calculations on late mylonites indicate lower grade conditions of formation of c. 3.5 kbar at c. 650 °C, consistent with the development of late cooling textures.     

Convergence of Liapunov Series for Maclaurin Ellipsoids

According to the classical theory of equilibrium figures surfaces of equal density, potential and pressure concur (let call them isobars). Isobars may be represented by means of Liapunov power series in small parameter q, up to the first approximation coincident with centrifugal to gravitational force ratio on the equator. A. M. Liapunov has proved the existence of the universal convergence radius q : above mentioned series converge for all bodies if q < q . Using Liapunov's algorithm and symbolic calculus tools we have calculated q = 0.000370916. Evidently, convergence radius q ₀ may be much greater in non-pathological situations. We plan to examine several simplest cases. In the present paper, we find q ₀ for homogeneous liquid. The convergence radius turns out to be unexpectedly large coinciding with the upper boundary value q ₀ = 0.337 for Maclaurin ellipsoids.     

中国赏石文化内涵之探讨

本文通过对中国赏石文化的历史、理念、人文、艺术和学术的探讨,试图从中发掘中国赏石文化的内涵,把古代＂瘦漏透皱＂和现代＂形质纹色＂的相石标准,提升到＂道魂气韵＂的赏石意境。     

Guidelines to Authors

1. Aims and scope
Sciences in Cold and Arid Regions （SCAR） is a bimonthly journal that publishes in English the latest research achievements in processes and the pattems of the Earth surface system in cold and arid regions. Researches in cold regions emphasize particularly on the cold-region-characterized physical,     

Information for Authors

<正>The Journal of Ocean University of China(Oceanic and Coastal Sea Research)is a comprehensive academic quarterly sponsored by the Ocean University of China,published one volume per year.This journal is devoted to the publication of the theoretical and applied research     

INFORMATION FOR AUTHORS

<正>Acta Oceanologica Sinica(AOS)is a comprehensive academic journal edited by the Editorial Committee of Acta Oceanologica Sinica and is designed to provide a forum for important research papers of the marine scientific community which reflect the information on a worldwide basis.The journal publishes scholarly papers on marine science and technology,including physics,chemistry,biology,     

平武板状绿柱石{0001}晶面的溶蚀像特征与晶体生长

板状绿柱石产于花岗岩云英岩化边部或晶洞壁的白云母-钠长石-绿柱石-水晶的矿物组合中,钠长石呈自形晶,绿柱石的洁净度与透明度相对较差。晶体测量表明,晶体的单形晶面发育依次为c{0001}→s{11 2-1}→p{10 1-1}→m{10 1-0}→v{21 3-1}、n{45 9-4}、a{11 2-0}。微分干涉显微镜(DIC)及扫描电镜(SEM)研究表明:各单形晶面上生长纹(微形貌)反映面网结构的对称性,c{0001}单形晶面上的六边形溶蚀坑(50～170μm)是由平行晶体C轴的各单形晶面生长层从晶体中心向外叠堆组成,层生长机理制约晶体生长全过程,平行双面(c)的生长层较薄(5～8μm)且较稳定,六方双锥(s)生长层较厚且圆滑,六方柱(m)生长层由晶体中心往外其厚度由厚逐渐变薄(12～20μm),台间隔由窄变宽。晶体溶蚀是从面网密度最大的c{0001}开始,溶蚀面积依平行双面(c)、六方双锥(s)单形晶面由大变小,六方柱(a)、复六方双锥(v、n)单形晶面因面网密度小而未受到溶蚀。据矿物共生组合、流体包裹体均一法测量与拉曼光谱(LRS)分析表明板状绿柱石是在中–高温(303℃)、过饱和度较大、成矿介质的钠长石化发育且热动力环境相对稳定的条件下形成,气液包裹体主要由H2O、CO2及微量CH4、N2组成,CO2及微量CH4、N2可能与碳酸盐围岩有关。     

Production key figures for planning the mining of manganese nodules

Under the impression of decreasing ore grades and increasing production costs in conventional mining, seafloor minerals came into focus. Having gained a basic understanding of geological settings, there is still a lack of tools to assess and plan future mining projects in the deep-sea. This paper contributes to a mining concept which is inspired by the high-tech farming industry: strip mining. Potential mining fields are identified using image filters in conjunction with hydroacoustic backscatter data and slope angles and are portioned into long, narrow strips. In the framework of the EU-funded Blue Mining project, these methods were applied to a part of the eastern German exploration area, located in the manganese nodule belt of the Clarion Clipperton Zone, Pacific Ocean. Both, the mapping technique and the mining concept presented in this paper can be used in early-stage feasibility studies to derive estimates on production key figures for seafloor manganese nodule mining.     

Application of High Spatial Resolution Laser Ablation ICP-MS to Crystal-Melt Trace Element Partition Coefficient Determination

In this contribution we evaluate the capabilities of laser ablation-inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry (LA-ICP-MS) using a 12 μm spot size. Precision, accuracy and detection limits were assessed on the USGS BCR-2G reference material. We demonstrate that the 12 μm LA-ICP-MS analyses of experimentally-grown amphibole and garnet are in excellent agreement with secondary ion mass spectrometry (SIMS) trace element determinations on the same crystals. The 12 μm spot size configuration was subsequently used to determine trace element crystal-melt partition coefficients (D_c/m) for a wide range of trace elements in amphibole in equilibrium with a basanitic melt. The following strategy to determine accurately and evaluate D_c/m is proposed. One or more major elements determined previously by electron probe microanalysis (EPMA) was used to ensure consistency between EPMA and the composition of the aerosol produced by the laser ablation. Measured D_c/m values were successively evaluated using the lattice strain model. The use of this strategy significantly improved the precision and accuracy of D_c/m determination when a LA-ICP-MS configuration with a high spatial resolution was employed.     

内蒙古哈达门沟地区黑云母击象及其构造意义

黑云母击象构造是一种快速受力、脆性变形的产物。文章阐述了内蒙古哈达门沟地区新太古界乌拉山群变质岩中的黑云母发育的击象构造特征,认为黑云母击象明显受到退变质作用和混合岩化作用及韧性剪切作用,很可能是形成于新太古代末—古元古代初呼和浩特—包头断裂和临河—集宁断裂产生的地震作用中;新太古代岩石中黑云母击象的存在也证明了华北地块在新太古代末—古元古代初已经具备了较强的刚度,板块构造理论适用范围的最早时限很可能向前推移到新太古代。