取代苯磺酰基磷酰二胺酯化学结构与生物活性的关系

对18种N-烷基-O（或S）烷基-N′-取代-N′-取代苯磺酰基磷酰二胺酯化合物做了杀菌（包括海洋病菌）、杀虫及昆虫谷氨酸电位和谷氨酸受体通道的测试，表明；部分化合物有较强的杀菌、杀虫效果，其机制不同于其它有机磷杀菌、杀虫剂；而且它们的生物活性与结构的QSAR计算结果相一致。     

Microwave-assisted extraction of organochlorine pesticides from sediments and determination by gas chromatograph with electron capture detection

A simple and rapid procedure to extract organochlorine pesticides （OCPs） from sediments by means of microwave energy is proposed. Sediment samples were irradiated with microwaves in a closed vessel system while immersed in hexane-acetone （1 ： 1, v/v）. The sample extracts were cleaned up using solid phase extraction with Florisil as adsorbent. Pesticides were eluted with hexane-ethyl acetate （80 ： 20, v/v） and determined by gas chromatographic separation with electron capture detection. Three oven programs were assayed with two different solvent mixtures in order to achieve adequate experimental conditions for the complete extraction of organochlorine pesticides from the matrix. Different variables such as the composition of extraction solvent,     

β-环糊精包合态三氟氯氰杀虫剂的制备

为了进一步提高三氟氯氰菊酯农药的防治效果。寻找适宜的农药新剂型，我们用液相法制备了三氟氯氰菊酯－β－环糊精包合物，并以水为基质进行了稳定性观察，同时又以差热分析法和气相色谱法确认了包合物的形成，以旋光度法证明两者间的包合比。结果表明，三氟氯氰菊酯与β-环糊精可形成1：1型包合物，该包合物稳定性高，具有一定的水溶性，而且在水中稳定，所以有望通过环糊 包合作用将三氟氯氰菊酯帛成水剂；当以气相法测试包合态三氟氯氰菊酯含量时，必须将其解络，使之成为游离状态，然后按常规方法进行含量测定。     

印度农民发现可口可乐可用作杀虫剂

印度媒体报道说，安德拉邦和恰蒂斯哈尔邦的数百名农民用可口可乐为农作物灭虫取得了成功。安德拉邦村民拉克斯麦是“可乐杀虫剂”的“发明人”之一，他今年就为他的几英亩棉田喷了可乐，并对“可乐杀虫剂”的功效感到满意。他说：“我观察到，在我把可乐喷到棉田里后，害虫开始成批死去。”     

Heavy metals,polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons and organochlorine pesticides in the surface sediments of mangrove swamps from coastal sites along the Leizhou Peninsula, South China

Contents of heavy metals, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons （PA Hs）, dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethanes （DDTs） and hexachlorcy- clohexanes （HCHs） in surface sediments from mangrove areas of the Leizhou Peninsula were analyzed in July and November 2005. Risk assessment criteria applied by Long E R et al. （1995） and Long E D et al. （1995） （effects range low, ERL; effects range mean, ERM） of chemicals in sediments from the gulf or estuary were used to assess the potential ecological risks of heavy metals, PAHs, DDTs and HCHs to aquatic organisms in the studied area. The results indicated that the average contents of zinc, nickel, chromium, lead, copper, arsenic and mercury were （61.97 ± 55.87）, （59.99 ± 39.01 ）, （47.93 ± 28.37）, （26.64± 13.00） , （23.45 ± 41.96）, （9.32 ± 3.62）, （0.14 ± 0.18） mg/kg in dry weight in the sediment samples col- lected from five studied sites in the Leizhou Peninsula, respectively. Cadmium was not calculated due to its content being below the detection limit （ 〈 0.3 mg,/kg）. The average levels of Cr, Cu, Ni, Pb, Zn and Hg exceed their background values. The average contents of Ni were higher than ERM. The contents of PAHs in the sediments from the five studied sites were （79.78 ± 43.70） ng/g in dry weight, far lower than ERL（4 022 ng/g）. The contents of DDE, DDD and DDTs in the sediments from five studied sites were （2.60 ± 4.68）, （ 17.52 ± 27.25 ）, （27.78 ± 46.64） ng/g in dry weight respectively, clearly higher than ERL, and the average contents of DDT were （7.66 ± 15.93） ng/g in dry weight, much higher than ERM. HCHs could be detected in the sediments only from Gaoqiao sampling site, with the average contents （0.07 ± 0.08） ng/g in dry weight.     

Marine bacterium strain screening and pyrethroid insecticide-degrading efficiency analysis

A pyrethroid insecticide-degrading bacterium, strain HS-24, was isolated from an offshore seawater environment. The strain, which can degrade cypermethrin(CYP) and deltamethrin(DEL), was identified as Methylophaga sp. The optimal culture and degradation conditions for CYP and DEL by strain HS-24 is pH 7 at 28°C. Under optimum culture conditions, strain HS-24 exhibited a broad degradation concentration range of 100, 200, 400, 600, and 800 mg/L for CYP and DEL. The metabolic intermediates were analyzed by NMR, which provided strong evidence that CYP and DEL removal occurred mainly because of a biological process. The toxicity of the degradation products of strain HS-24 was studied simultaneously by measuring the light output of the luminescence bacterium. This demonstrated that the biodegradation ability of strain HS-24 significantly decreased the toxicity of CYP- and DEL-contaminated aquaculture seawater. Finally, the findings of this paper indicate that strain HS-24 is thus revealed as a biological agent for the remediation of marine aquatic environments.     

有机磷农药类雌/抗雄激素效应研究进展

<正>有机磷农药是世界范围内使用最广、用量最大的高效广谱杀虫剂之一[1],产量占我国农药总产量的40%以上[2]。农药的使用量中只有不到1%能对靶生物起作用,大部分漂浮在空气或残留在土壤中,并通过降雨、沉降和径流进入河流湖泊造成水体污染。2010年我国珠江河口流域水体中有机磷农药检测浓度范围为18.76~344.94 ng/L,其中甲拌磷已接近人类可接受范围的临界点[3]。此外,邕江、桑沟湾海域、厦门近海     

论环境教育课程开发

一、环境运动和环境教育的兴起 20世纪60年代,欧美环境和民权运动风起云涌,很多人担心杀虫剂、核废料、科学和政治上的管理不善等给环境乃至人类带来了致命的威胁。     

两相法合成Methomyl的研究

报道一种合成Methomyl的两相法。此法能使甲硫基乙醛肟与甲胺基甲酰氯之间的缩合反应在两相界面上进行,从而有效抑制酰氯的水解,并使收率明显提高。     

杀虫剂在地下环境中的存在与分布

杀虫剂在环境中的存在与分布取决于其类型、施用量、次数、时间、方法以及一系列天然和人为因素,包括水文、地貌、土壤、地表植被、水文地质和气象等条件。文中使用模拟技术定量研究杀虫剂在地下环境中的存在和分布规律;运用一个综合的杀虫剂运移模型(IPTM-CS)模拟了五种不同杀虫剂在耦合植被-土壤系统中的运移过程;通过考察四个不同的方案,综合评价了这些杀虫剂的特性及使用情况对它们在地下系统中存在和分布的影响。研究表明:杀虫剂的形成模式非常复杂,而且时空分布变异性强;尽管杀虫剂的持久性和移动性主要取决于它们本身内在的特性,但杀虫剂的使用情况,包括施用时间、地点和方法确实会对它们在地下环境中的运移途径、迁移过程、机理以及存在和分布产生深刻的影响。